Table 1 In-patient and ED asthma visits by self-reported race including demographic, clinical history of comorbidities, temporal and place-based risk factors
From: Racial differences in length of stay and readmission for asthma in the all of us research program
Characteristics | Overall | Asian | Black | HL | MENA | White | P-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Patients (%) | 17,233 | 216 (1.3) | 5293 (30.7) | 3394 (19.7) | 56 (0.3) | 8274 (48.0) | |
Visits (%) | 82,188 | 535 (0.7) | 33,620 (40.9) | 17,034 (20.7) | 242 (0.3) | 30,757 (37.4) | |
LOS per admission (mean (SD)) | 2.0 (4.09) | 2.5 (4.8) | 1.8 (4.0) | 1.8 (3.8) | 2.1 (3.4) | 2.2 (4.3) | < 0.001 |
Readmission within 30 days (%) | |||||||
No | 64,326 (78.3) | 455 (85.0) | 25,694 (76.4) | 13,483 (79.2) | 202 (83.5) | 24,492 (79.6) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 17,862 (21.7) | 80 (15.0) | 7926 (23.6) | 3551 (20.8) | 40 (16.5) | 6265 (20.4) | |
Age at visit (mean (SD)) | 47.8 (15.1) | 47.6 (17.1) | 46.6 (13.4) | 45.7 (15.5) | 48.9 (17.2) | 50.2 (16.2) | < 0.001 |
Sex at birth (%) | |||||||
Female | 63,419 (77.2) | 422 (78.9) | 25,292 (75.2) | 14,010 (82.2) | 122 (50.4) | 23,573 (76.6) | < 0.001 |
Male | 18,769 (22.8) | 113 (21.1) | 8328 (24.8) | 3024 (17.8) | 120 (49.6) | 7184 (23.4) | |
Health insurance | |||||||
Private | 17,319 (21.1) | 204 (38.1) | 5161 (15.4) | 3065 (18.0) | 38 (15.7) | 8851 (28.8) | < 0.001 |
Public | 64,869 (78.9) | 331 (61.9) | 28,459 (84.6) | 13,969 (82.0) | 204 (84.3) | 21,906 (71.2) | |
Temporal and place-based | |||||||
Season (%) | |||||||
Summer | 20,276 (24.7) | 125 (23.4) | 8376 (24.9) | 4145 (24.3) | 45 (18.6) | 7585 (24.7) | 0.16 |
Fall | 20,336 (24.7) | 134 (25.0) | 8230 (24.5) | 4201 (24.7) | 68 (28.1) | 7703 (25.0) | |
Winter | 20,410 (24.8) | 123 (23.0) | 8401 (25.0) | 4280 (25.1) | 72 (29.8) | 7534 (24.5) | |
Spring | 21,166 (25.8) | 153 (28.6) | 8613 (25.6) | 4408 (25.9) | 57 (23.6) | 7935 (25.8) | |
Day of admission (%) | |||||||
Weekday | 63,661 (77.5) | 427 (79.8) | 25,659 (76.3) | 13,430 (78.8) | 181 (74.8) | 23,964 (77.9) | < 0.001 |
Weekend | 18,527 (22.5) | 108 (20.2) | 7961 (23.7) | 3604 (21.2) | 61 (25.2) | 6793 (22.1) | |
Deprivation (mean (SD)) | 0.33 (0.07) | 0.31 (0.06) | 0.35 (0.07) | 0.36 (0.07) | 0.35 (0.06) | 0.30 (0.05) | < 0.001 |
Comorbidities | |||||||
AD (%) | |||||||
No | 78,068 (95.0) | 507 (94.8) | 32,004 (95.2) | 16,095 (94.5) | 214 (88.4) | 29,248 (95.1) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 4120 (5.0) | 28 (5.2) | 1616 (4.8) | 939 (5.5) | 28 (11.6) | 1509 (4.9) | |
AR (%) | |||||||
No | 57,085 (69.5) | 435 (81.3) | 25,234 (75.1) | 11,655 (68.4) | 178 (73.6) | 19,583 (63.7) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 25,103 (30.5) | 100 (18.7) | 8386 (24.9) | 5379 (31.6) | 64 (26.4) | 11,174 (36.3) | |
Cancer (%) | |||||||
No | 44,989 (54.7) | 311 (58.1) | 20,662 (61.5) | 9556 (56.1) | 143 (59.1) | 14,317 (46.5) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 37,199 (45.3) | 224 (41.9) | 12,958 (38.5) | 7478 (43.9) | 99 (40.9) | 16,440 (53.5) | |
CHD (%) | |||||||
No | 59,527 (72.4) | 435 (81.3) | 24,089 (71.7) | 12,797 (75.1) | 155 (64.0) | 22,051 (71.7) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 22,661 (27.6) | 100 (18.7) | 9531 (28.3) | 4237 (24.9) | 87 (36.0) | 8706 (28.3) | |
CKD (%) | |||||||
No | 71,684 (87.2) | 451 (84.3) | 28,729 (85.5) | 14,973 (87.9) | 223 (92.1) | 27,308 (88.8) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 10,504 (12.8) | 84 (15.7) | 4891 (14.5) | 2061 (12.1) | 19 (7.9) | 3449 (11.2) | |
COPD (%) | |||||||
No | 56,674 (69.0) | 441 (82.4) | 22,022 (65.5) | 11,973 (70.3) | 183 (75.6) | 22,055 (71.7) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 25,514 (31.0) | 94 (17.6) | 11,598 (34.5) | 5061 (29.7) | 59 (24.4) | 8702 (28.3) | |
Depression (%) | |||||||
No | 35,495 (43.2) | 391 (73.1) | 16,410 (48.8) | 7886 (46.3) | 143 (59.1) | 10,665 (34.7) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 46,693 (56.8) | 144 (26.9) | 17,210 (51.2) | 9148 (53.7) | 99 (40.9) | 20,092 (65.3) | |
Diabetes (%) | |||||||
No | 52,065 (63.3) | 400 (74.8) | 20,080 (59.7) | 10,747 (63.1) | 166 (68.6) | 20,672 (67.2) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 30,123 (36.7) | 135 (25.2) | 13,540 (40.3) | 6287 (36.9) | 76 (31.4) | 10,085 (32.8) | |
EoE (%) | |||||||
No | 81,782 (99.5) | 535 (100.0) | 33,495 (99.6) | 16,989 (99.7) | 242 (100.0) | 30,521 (99.2) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 406 (0.5) | 0 (0.0) | 125 (0.4) | 45 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | 236 (0.8) | |
FA (%) | |||||||
No | 79,717 (97.0) | 524 (97.9) | 32,866 (97.8) | 16,521 (97.0) | 239 (98.8) | 29,567 (96.1) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 2471 (3.0) | 11 (2.1) | 754 (2.2) | 513 (3.0) | 3 (1.2) | 1190 (3.9) | |
GERD (%) | |||||||
No | 37,165 (45.2) | 343 (64.1) | 16,157 (48.1) | 9119 (53.5) | 125 (51.7) | 11,421 (37.1) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 45,023 (54.8) | 192 (35.9) | 17,463 (51.9) | 7915 (46.5) | 117 (48.3) | 19,336 (62.9) | |
HTA (%) | |||||||
No | 31,021 (37.7) | 262 (49.0) | 11,022 (32.8) | 7557 (44.4) | 121 (50.0) | 12,059 (39.2) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 51,167 (62.3) | 273 (51.0) | 22,598 (67.2) | 9477 (55.6) | 121 (50.0) | 18,698 (60.8) | |
Obesity (%) | |||||||
No | 45,006 (54.8) | 478 (89.3) | 17,686 (52.6) | 9931 (58.3) | 180 (74.4) | 16,731 (54.4) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 37,182 (45.2) | 57 (10.7) | 15,934 (47.4) | 7103 (41.7) | 62 (25.6) | 14,026 (45.6) | |
Psoriasis (%) | |||||||
No | 79,314 (96.5) | 523 (97.8) | 33,207 (98.8) | 16,488 (96.8) | 231 (95.5) | 28,865 (93.8) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 2874 (3.5) | 12 (2.2) | 413 (1.2) | 546 (3.2) | 11 (4.5) | 1892 (6.2) | |
Sleep apnea (%) | |||||||
No | 59,240 (72.1) | 444 (83.0) | 24,583 (73.1) | 13,527 (79.4) | 191 (78.9) | 20,495 (66.6) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 22,948 (27.9) | 91 (17.0) | 9037 (26.9) | 3507 (20.6) | 51 (21.1) | 10,262 (33.4) | |