Fig. 2
From: The expanding Pandora’s toolbox of CD8+T cell: from transcriptional control to metabolic firing
CD8+ T cell metabolism. A normal CD8+ T cells metabolism. CD8+ T cell metabolism regulated by lots of kinases, eventually producing ATP and GTP. B CD8+ T cells metabolism in an inflammatory environment (fat, diabetes…). Proinflammatory factors regulate CD8+ T cells metabolism through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and induce CD8+ T cells to produce CXCR3, then CD8 + T cells dysfunction. C CD8+ T cells metabolism in virus environment. The virus enters CD8 + T cells through the ACE/NRP receptors, alters the metabolism of CD8 + T cells, and causes apoptosis. D Tumor cells and CD8+ T cells compete for body nutrients, in addition, harmful substances are released from tumor cells, which cause dysfunction and exhaustion of CD8+ T cells. HRE hypoxia response elements, GLUT glucose transporter, mTOR mammalian target of rapamycin, TCA tricarboxylic acid cycle, 5-HTTP 5-hydroxytryptophan, TCR T cell receptor