Fig. 1

Development for a better effect and lower toxicity derivative of NCTD. a Derivative modification process of NCTD and structures of four different derivatives, DCZ5419, DCZ5430, DCZ5524 and DCZ5417. b Cell viability of MM cells with DCZ5419, DCZ5430, DCZ5524 or DCZ5417 treatment for 72 h at the indicated concentrations. IC50 (µmol/L) values of DCZ5419, DCZ5430, DCZ5524 and DCZ5417 against MM cells. IC50 values derived from GraphPad Prism are presented as mean values from three independent experiments. c Rats were treated with or without 50 mg/kg DCZ5417, NCTD or vehicle, respectively (6/group). H&E staining of the control, NCTD and DCZ5417-treated liver and kidney tissues. d Rats were treated with 15 mg/kg DCZ5417, NCTD or vehicle, respectively. Orbital blood was collected, then clinical biochemical indicators were examined. AST (Aspartate transaminase), ATL (Alanine aminotransferase), ALP (Alkaline phosphatase), GGT (Glutamine transpeptidase), CREA(Creatinine), LDH (Lactate dehydrogenase). e Normal PBMCs from healthy donors (PBMCs#1–PBMCs#6) were treated with 20 µmol/L DCZ5417 or NCTD for 48 h and then cell viability was analyzed. f Cell viability in cells from MM patients were evaluated after 10 µmol/L DCZ5417 or NCTD treatment for 48 h. Pt# representees patient number. Data are presented as the means ± SD of 3 independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 versus the control group