Table 3 Overview of established/commercially available cell lines used in vivo

IOMM-Lee

61 yo man/Frontal, parietal

Malignant

Spontaneous—long term cultured

Intraosseous malignant meningioma Infiltrates brain tissue [20], bone and subcutaneous tissue

Vimentin + , GFAP-, S100b( +), high Ki67 (30%) [22, 44, 53, 59, 81], high MIB-1 (211.0) [20], SSTR2A + (in vitro) [148]

Nf2 +  [149], chromosomal abnormalities X, − Y, − 1, add (2)(p11.2), add (5)(p13), add (6)(p13),i(7)(p10) × 2, add(9)(q21), add(12)(q21),-17, add(14)(q13), add(19), add(20), and + 2–4 mar[p20] [20]

49 [20, 22, 24, 43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88]

Lee 1990 [22]

BEN-MEN-1

68 yo woman/Parietal, falx

Benign WHO grade 1

hTERT

Meningothelial

EMA + , Vimentin + , GFAP-, PR-, ER-, Ki67 (< 1%)

NF2-, (45, XX,-22) [149]

6 [21, 55, 89,90,91,92]

Püttmann et al. 2005 [21]

CH-157

41 yo woman [145],

59 yo [146],

55 yo [20]/ND

Unknown (cell line malignant)

Spontaneous

Not tissue infiltration, but central core necrosis [20]

Vimentin + , EMA + , high MIB-1 (190.6) [20]

NF2- [149], X, add (X)(p11.2), − X, add(1)(q21), add(1)(p13), + 2, + 3, + 5, − 1, i(8)(q10) × 2, + 8, add(11)(p11.2), + 11, + 12, add(14)(p11.2), − 15, i(15)(q10), − 16, + 16, -17, − 18, + 20, − 22, + 4-9mar[cp10] [20]

13 [6, 20, 43, 67, 72, 85, 88, 93,94,95,96,97,98]

Tsai et al. 1995 [145]

KT21MG1/

KT21

47 yo woman/Falx

Malignant

Spontaneous c-myc amplification—long term cultured

Epithelial cell like morphology

Vimentin + , GFAP-

Heterozygote loss of Chromosome 22

6 [59, 61, 90, 99,100,101]

Tanaka et al. 1989 [100]

HKBMM

52 yo woman/

Malignant, WHO grade 3

Spontaneous—Long term cultured

Round and spindle-shaped cells showing neoplastic and pleomorphic and abundant mitosis

Desmin + , PKK1 + , Vimentin + , EMA-, S-100-

‘Varying widely and showed aneuploidy’

4 [84, 102,103,104]

Ishiwata et al. 2004 [104]

F5

ND/ND

Malignant

ND

Invades skull and subcutaneous tissue

ND

ND

3 [81, 106, 107]

Yazaki et al. 1995 [106]

NCH93

64 yo man/parieto-occipital

Anaplastic, Grade 3

ND/spontaneous

Anaplastic

EMA + , 50% KI67

NF2-

3 [110, 111, 115]

Jungwirth et al. 2019 [110]

HBL52

47 yo woman/Optic canal

Benign grade 1

ND/spontaneous

Transitional meningioma

In vitro: EMA + , vimentin + , GFAP-,

NF2 + , missense mutation TRA7 – no broad copy number alterations[149]

1 [112]

Akat et al. 2003 [150]

MN3

ND/ND

Recurrent Malignant WHO grade 3

Spontaneous—Serial passages in vivo

fibroblastic meningioma “whorl formations” by spindle-shaped tumor cells. Cells with nuclear atypia

Vimentin + , EMA-, Nestin + 

NF2-, missense mutation ALK, PTCH1

2 [113, 114]

Nigim et al. 2016 [113]

MN8

ND/Ventricle

Recurrent anaplastic WHO grade 3

Spontaneous—Serial passages in vivo

ND

Vimentin + , EMA + , high ki-67

NF2-

1 [114]

Nigim et al. 2019 [114]

SF4433

ND/ND

Benign (Grade 1, 2000 WHO)

E6/E7 + hTERT

ND

Vimentin + 

NF2 + , no chromosomal abnormalities

2 [108, 109]

Baia et al. 2006 [147]

SF3061

ND/ND

Malignant (Grade 3, 2000 WHO)

hTERT

ND

Vimentin + 

NF2 + , losses: 9p24-p21; 11q23-qtel; 13q12-q21;17p

1 [109]

Baia et al. 2006 [147]

KCI-MENG1-LP

46 yo woman/Olfactory

Benign grade 1

Spontaneous—Low passage (< 10. High telomerase activity)

Necrotic core, intermingled brain-tumor interface, heterogenous cell morphology, spindle and round cells

EMA + , N-Cadherin + , Vimentin + , PR( +), high Ki-67

NF2 + 64–66 chromosomes, XX (two clones: Clone 1 complex, clone 2: t(2;13)(q37;q22) and t(4;7)(q21;p13) and 45, XX

1 [105]

Michelhaugh et al. 2015 [105]

KCI-MENG1-HP

46 yo woman/Olfactory

Benign grade 1

Spontaneous—High passage (< 72)

Heterogenous cell morphology spindle and round

EMA + , N-Cadherin + , Vimentin + , PR-, very high Ki-67

NF2 + 64–66 chromosomes, XX (clone 1 only: see above—very complex karyotype see paper)

1 [105]

Michelhaugh et al. 2015 [105]

Me3TSC

ND/ND

Benign, Grade 1

hTERT

Spindled

to epithelioid cells with monomorphic round to oval nuclei. Focal whorls and microcalcifications

Nuclei displayed pleomorphism and had visible nucleoli

Vimentin + , cytokeratin + , S-100 + , EMA-, PR-(primary EMA +)

NF2- (complex karyotype) 45,XX,t(1;5)(p?36.1;q?13),del(9) (p13,del(11)(p14);-22

1 [69]

Cargioli et al. 2007 [69]

Me10T

ND/ND

Benign, Grade 1

hTERT

See above

Vimentin + , cytokeratin + , S-100 + , EMA-, PR- (primary EMA +)

NF2- (45,XX,-22)

1 [69]

Cargioli et al. 2007 [69]