Fig. 4

CKD interventions associated with altered NAD metabolism in mouse models. (1) Gavage treatment with N1-methylnicotinamide (MNA) in a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) murine model ameliorated renal fibrosis. (2) Renal fibrosis was ameliorated in UUO models by nicotinamide n-methyltransferase (NNMT) deficiency or injections of NNMT-expressing plasmids. (3) Intraperitoneal administration of nicotinamide reduced fibrosis and injury in UUO and ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) models, respectively. (4) Oral or intraperitoneal nicotinamide riboside ameliorates murine I/R or cisplatin induced injury and fibrosis. (5) Intraperitoneal administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide reduced fibrosis and inflammation and improved kidney function in murine I/R and Adriamycin (doxorubicin) injury models