Fig. 4

Association between WMT delivery routines and the effects of WMT on renal function. The effects of WMT on SCr (a), eGFR (b), BUN (c), and UA (d) in patients with renal dysfunction who underwent WMT through the upper or lower gastrointestinal tract. △renal parameter = renal parameter after WMT—renal parameter at baseline. BUN, blood urea nitrogen; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; SCr, serum creatinine; UA, uric acid; WMT, washed microbiota transplantation. ^*P < 0.05