Table 2 Baseline characteristics of participants enrolled in VLCKD and HBD groups
| Â | ALL | VLCKD | HBD | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Partecipants (n) | N = 59 | N = 30 | N = 29 | – |
Gender, Female, n (%) | 56 (94.9) | 29 (96.7) | 27 (93.1) | 0.612 |
Age (years) | 42.6 ± 11.5 | 41 ± 12.3 | 44 ± 10.5 | 0.361 |
Class of age (n) | ||||
 18–35 | 19 (32.2) | 12 (40.0) | 7 (24.2) |  |
 36–50 | 21 (35.6) | 10 (33.3) | 11 (37.9) |  |
 51 +  | 19 (32.2) | 8 (26.7) | 11 (37.9) | 0.402 |
Weight (kg) | 88.6 ± 16.6 | 91.8 ± 16.0 | 85.3 ± 16.9 | 0.143 |
BMI, median (IQR) | 31.6 (27.8–35.2) | 33.65 (29.3–36.0) | 29.0 (27.5–34.1) | 0.051 |
WC (cm) | 95.7 ± 12.6 | 98.3 ± 12.3 | 93.0 ± 12.4 | 0.112 |
HC (cm), median (IQR) | 115.0 (109.0–124.0) | 120.0 (110–126) | 112.0 (106.2–119.2) | 0.029 |
WHR | 0.8 ± 0.8 | 0.8 ± 0.07 | 0.8 ± 0.09 | 0.960 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 122.0 ± 14.0 | 126.1 ± 12.5 | 117.8 ± 14.5 | 0.026 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 81.3 ± 9.4 | 83.3 ± 9.0 | 79.5 ± 9.5 | 0.128 |
Heart frequency | 76.4 ± 9.1 | 75.8 ± 8.8 | 77.2 ± 9.4 | 0.581 |
Comorbidity (n) | ||||
  ≥ 1 | 49 (83.1) | 23 (76.7) | 26 (89.7) | 0.108 |
Comorbidity (n) | ||||
 Cardiovascular | 5 (17.2) | – | 5 (17.2) | 0.052 |
 Hypertension | 14 (24.1) | 8 (27.6) | 6 (20.7) | 0.539 |
 Metabolic | 24 (41.4) | 10 (34.5) | 14 (48.3) | 0.286 |
 Gastrointestinal | 24 (40.7) | 11 (36.7) | 13 (44.8) | 0.524 |
 Respiratory | 5 (8.5) | 3 (10.0) | 2 (6.9) | 1.000 |
 ENT | 1 (1.7) | – | 1 (3.4) | 0.492 |
 Urologic | 3 (5.1) | 1 (3.3) | 2 (6.9) | 0.612 |
 Rheumatologic | 1 (1.7) | – | 1 (3.4) | 0.492 |
 Hematologic | 2 (3.4) | 2 (6.7) | – | 0.492 |
 Neoplastic | 1 (1.7) | – | 1 (3.4) | 0.492 |
 Gynecological | 12 (20.3) | 6 (20.0) | 6 (20.7) | 0.948 |
 Orthopedic | 4 (6.8) | 1 (3.3) | 3 (10.3) | 0.353 |
 TMJ dysfunction | 1 (1.7) | 1 (3.3) | – | 1.000 |
 Trauma | 4 (6.9) | 1 (3.3) | 3 (10.7) | 0.344 |
 Psychiatric | 10 (17.2) | 5 (16.9) | 5 (17.9) | 0.905 |
Age migraine onset, mean ± sd | 18.6 ± 9.3 | 19.5 ± 7.8 | 17.7 ± 10.8 | 0.462 |
Smoking, n (%) | 15 (25.4) | 6 (20.0) | 9 (31.0) | 0.330 |
Sport activity, n (%) | 19 (32.2) | 9 (30.0) | 10 (34.59 | 0.713 |
Alcohol occasional consumption, n (%) | 31 (54.4) | 17 (60.7) | 14 (48.3) | 0.346 |
Previous pregnancies, n (%) | 25 (44.6) | 10 (34.5) | 15 (55.6) | 0.113 |
Menopause, n (%) | 15 (27.3) | 7 (24.1) | 8 (30.8) | 0.581 |
E/P therapy, n (%) | 5 (8.9) | 4 (13.8) | 1 (3.7) | 0.185 |
Quality of sleep, n (%) | ||||
 Poor | 9 (26.5) | 6 (31.6) | 3 (20.0) |  |
 Good | 25 (73.5) | 13 (68.4) | 12 (80.0) | 0.697 |
Aura, n (%) | 10 (17.2) | 4 (13.8) | 6 (20.7) | 0.730 |
Aura duration (minutes) | 26.1 ± 21.4 | 23.7 ± 24.3 | 28.0 ± 21.7 | 0.789 |
MMDs (n/month) | 13.2 ± 5.3 | 15.0 ± 5.6 | 11.3 ± 4.2 | 0.007 |
Monthly analgesic intake (n/month, %) | 56 (96.6) | 29 (100.0) | 27 (93.1) | 0.491 |