Association of diabetes risk reduction diet with renal cancer risk in 101,755 participants: a prospective study

Table 3 Subgroup analyses on the association of diabetes risk reduction diet score with the risk of renal cancer

Subgroup variable	Number of participates	Number of cases	HR _{Quartile 4 vs. Quartile 1} (95% CI) ^a	P_-interaction
Age (years)				0.135
≤ 65	28,171	114	0.75 (0.39, 1.42)
> 65	24,830	126	0.84 (0.48, 1.47)
Sex				0.585
Male	25,801	156	0.74 (0.44, 1.27)
Female	27,200	84	0.94 (0.47, 1.87)
Body mass index (kg/m²)				0.455
≤ 30	40,972	161	0.93 (0.56, 1.53)
> 30	12,029	79	0.55 (0.26, 1.18)
Smoking status				0.289
Never	25,308	80	0.48 (0.24, 0.99)
Current/former	27,693	160	1.05 (0.63, 1.75)
Smoking pack-years				0.214
≤ Medium	26,872	85	0.45 (0.22, 0.91)
> Medium	26,129	155	1.13 (0.67, 1.89)
Family history of renal cancer				0.661
No	50,796	228	0.79 (0.52, 1.22)
Yes/possibly	2205	12	1.34 (0.2, 8.81)
History of hypertension				0.792
No	35,898	137	1.35 (0.77, 2.36)
Yes	17,103	103	0.43 (0.23, 0.80)
History of diabetes				0.394
No	49,461	219	0.87 (0.56, 1.34)
Yes	3540	21	0.42 (0.10, 1.77)
Healthy eating index-2015				0.015
≤ Medium	27,000	154	0.29 (0.11, 0.80)
> Medium	26,001	86	1.12 (0.57, 2.20)

HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval
^aHRs were adjusted for age (years), sex (male, female), race (white, non-white), marital status (married or living as married, no), educational level (college below, college graduate, postgraduate), body mass index (kg/m²), smoking status (never, current, former), smoking pack-years (continuous), alcohol consumption (g/day), ibuprofen use (no, yes), arm (intervention, control), family history of renal cancer (no, yes), history of diabetes (no, yes), history of hypertension (no, yes), Healthy Eating Index-2015 (continuous) and energy intake from diet (kcal/day)

ISSN: 1479-5876