Fig. 1
Increased autophagic flux and impaired lysosomal function in KrasG12D/Galc knockout mouse pancreatic organoids. Pancreatic organoids were cultured from pancreatic duct of wild-type and KrasG12D mice, and KrasG12D/Galc knockout (KO) pancreatic organoids were generated by eliminating Galc. a Expression of mTOR, phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR), rictor, LC3BI/II, and p62 was examined in each pancreatic organoid using immunoblotting. b and c The intensity LAMP1, a lysosomal marker, was measured after immunofluorescent staining. P** < 0.01. d Proteasomal degradation levels were detected before and after treatment with MG132, a proteasome inhibitor, for 24 h. e and f Fluorescence-labeled autophagosomes and autolysosomes were detected and counted in mouse pancreatic organoids. P** < 0.01, P*** < 0.001