Fig. 3
From: RAS signaling and immune cells: a sinister crosstalk in the tumor microenvironment
RAS signaling pathways with targeting strategies. RAS mutations mainly lead to uncontrolled activation of the MAP kinase pathway and PI3K pathway. Indirect strategies for targeting RAS include the inhibition of RAS membrane localization, suppression of SHP2/SOS1 and blockage of downstream signal. Direct strategies for targeting RAS include small molecular inhibitors for RAS proteins, genetic engineering technology and RAS degraders