Fig. 2
From: Identification of novel first-trimester serum biomarkers for early prediction of preeclampsia
Violin plots illustrate significantly different first-trimester serum biomarkers between the PE group and the normotensive control group. A Violin plots of five first-trimester serum cytokines, including IL-2Rα, IL-9, TNF-β, RANTES, and HGF, for the PE group (n = 34) and normotensive control group (n = 34). B Serum levels of five first-trimester serum antibodies (total IgA, IgM, and IgG, aPS IgG, and aPS-IgG IC) for the PE group (n = 34) and normotensive control group (n = 34). C Serum concentrations of PlGF and sFlt-1/PlGF in the PE group (n = 34) and normotensive control group (n = 34). Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range). *P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. Ig immunoglobulin, IC immune complex, IL-2Rα interleukin-2Rα, IL-9 interleukin-9, TNF-β tumor necrosis factor-β, HGF hepatocyte growth factor, aPS anti-phosphatidylserine, PlGF placental growth factor, sFlt-1 soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1