Fig. 5

CX3CL1 promotes M1 macrophage polarization, inflammation levels, and osteoclast differentiation through the NF-κB pathway. A Western blot analysis of NF-κB signaling pathway-related protein expression; B RT-qPCR analysis of iNOS expression; C western blot analysis of iNOS expression; D–G ELISA analysis of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-17 expression; H TRAP staining to detect the effect of NF-κB pathway inhibition on osteoclast differentiation; I RT-qPCR analysis of ACP-5 expression; J western blot analysis of ACP-5 expression. n = 3, data are represented as mean ± SD, ^∗p < 0.05 vs. Control, ^∗∗p < 0.01 vs. Control, ^∗∗*p < 0.001 vs. Control