Fig. 3

CX3CL1 promotes M1 macrophage polarization, cellular inflammation levels, and osteoclast differentiation. A, B determination of the optimal concentration of CX3CL1; C detection of iNOS expression by RT-qPCR; D expression of iNOS expression by Western blot. E–H ELISA detection of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-17 expression in cell culture supernatant; I TRAP staining to investigate the effect of CX3CL1 on osteoclast differentiation; J detection of ACP-5 expression by Western blot. n = 3, data are represented as mean ± SD, ^∗p < 0.05 vs. Control, ^∗∗p < 0.01 vs. Control, ^∗∗*p < 0.001 vs. Control