Table 1 The list of XRCCs and their biological functions in different cancer types

XRCC1

Glioma

Proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis

Targeting MMP-2, cyclin D1, VEGF, and p16

[139]

XRCC1

Gastric cancer

Induction of cisplatin resistance

Targeting thioredoxin-like protein 1 (TXNL1)

[127]

XRCC1

Pancreatic cancer

Induction of apoptosis

Targeting base excision repair pathway

[140]

XRCC1

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Regulating tumour metastasis

Regulating the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9

[74]

XRCC1

Lung cancer

Tumour metastasis

Regulating the expressions of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and vimentin

[113]

XRCC2

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Proliferation

Repairing mitochondrial DNA damage

[16]

XRCC2

Colorectal cancer

Cell growth, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis

Regulating bcl-2 expression

[141]

XRCC3

Glioma

Temozolomide resistance

Promoting DNA double-strand break repair

[18]

XRCC3

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Improvement in radiotherapy effect

Promoting DNA damage repair and/or enhancing Telomere stability

[134]

XRCC3

Breast cancer

Induction of cisplatin resistance sensitization of chemotherapeutic

Stimulating Rad51-related recombinational repair

[132]

XRCC4

Retinoblastoma

Drugs development

Regulating DNA damage repair

[135]

XRCC4

Medulloblastomas

Tumour growth

Regulating Myc-family or Cyclin D2

[142]

XRCC5

Colorectal cancer

Cancer stemness and aggressiveness

Promoting cyclooxygenase-2 expression. In cooperation with p300

[143]

XRCC5

Colorectal cancer

Proliferation

Activating cyclooxygenase-2 expression and enhanced prostaglandin E2 production

[144]

XRCC6

Osteosarcoma

Proliferation and metastasis

Promoting β-catenin/Wnt signalling pathway

[145]

XRCC6

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Promotion of the transformation of precancerous hepatocytes and hepatocellular carcinoma development

Regulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway

[146]

XRCC6

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Inducing an effective autophagic degradation

[17]