Fig. 5

Altered mitochondrial respiration in patients with sustained AF. Left: Schematic illustration of the patient cohort (Würzburg cohort) used to investigate AF-dependent changes in mitochondrial metabolism. Right: Comparison between oxygen consumption rate of isolated human atrial mitochondria from patients in sinus rhythm, with PAF or SAF using C18:1AC (10 µM), palmitoyl-CoA and malate as substrates. Mitochondrial respiration was reduced in samples from patients with SAF (median, whiskers: min to max, two-way ANOVA plus Dunnett’s post-test for multiple comparisons, *p < 0.05 for SAF vs. no AF)