Fig. 1

Differential expression and enrichment analysis. A regions of interest (ROIs) were selected, including tumor cell (PanCK-expressing), immune cell (CD45-expressing), and normal epithelial cells regions (normal tissue morphology). B differential analysis was performed between the tumor cell-enriched regions and immune cell-enriched regions. The upregulated genes are shown in red, while the downregulated genes are shown in green. C GO enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes. (D–F) KEGG enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes. PanCK indicates tumor cell-enriched regions, while CD45 indicates immune cell-enriched regions