Table 4 Prediction performance of BCPMD in the internal, external and prospective validation cohorts
BCPMD | AUC (%) (95% CI) | Accuracy (%) (95% CI) | Sensitivity (%) (95% CI) | Specificity (%) (95% CI) | PPV (%) (95% CI) | NPV (%) (95% CI) | F1 score (%) (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Internal validation performance | 81.93 (78.25–85.46) | 81.76 (79.22–84.46) | 54.21 (46.49–62.39) | 87.84 (85.41–90.04) | 49.57 (41.98–57.14) | 89.68 (87.37–91.98) | 51.79 (45.33–58.33) |
External validation performance | 80.48 (75.49–85.03) | 76.90 (74.01–79.78) | 70.00 (60.98–78.38) | 78.06 (75.00–81.01) | 35.00 (29.05–41.21) | 93.91 (91.69–95.84) | 46.67 (40.00–53.15) |
Prospective validation performance | 80.08 (68.83–88.70) | 82.56 (77.91–86.63) | 68.42 (50.00–84.62) | 84.31 (79.31–88.74) | 35.14 (21.88–48.48) | 95.56 (92.41–97.92) | 46.43 (31.11–58.62) |