Table 1 Detailed information regarding studies and datasets used in the present study
From: Phosphodiesterase and psychiatric disorders: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Exposure or outcome | Preferred names | Source | Ancestry | Participants |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Phosphodiesterases | ||||
 PDE1A | Dual specificity calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3′,5′-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1A | PMID: 29875488 | European | 3301 individuals |
 PDE2A | cGMP-dependent 3′,5′-cyclic phosphodiesterase | PMID: 29875488 | European | 3301 individuals |
 PDE3A | cGMP-inhibited 3′,5′-cyclic phosphodiesterase 3A | PMID: 29875488 | European | 3301 individuals |
 PDE4D | cAMP-specific 3′,5′-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4D | PMID: 29875488 | European | 3301 individuals |
 PDE5A | cGMP-specific 3′,5′-cyclic phosphodiesterase | PMID: 28240269 | European | 997 individuals |
 PDE6D | Retinal rod rhodopsin-sensitive cGMP 3′,5′-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit delta | PMID: 29875488 | European | 3301 individuals |
 PDE7A | High affinity cAMP-specific 3′,5′-cyclic phosphodiesterase 7A | PMID: 29875488 | European | 3301 individuals |
 PDE9A | High affinity cGMP-specific 3′,5′-cyclic phosphodiesterase 9A | PMID: 29875488 | European | 3301 individuals |
Psychiatric disorders | ||||
 AD | Alzheimer’s disease | PMID: 30617256 | European | 71,880 cases and 383,378 controls |
 ADHD | Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder | PMID: 29325848 | European | 20,183 cases and 35,191 controls |
 AN | Anorexia nervosa | PMID: 28494655 | European | 3495 cases and 10,982 controls |
 ASD | Autism spectrum disorder | PMID: 30804558 | European | 18,381 cases and 27,969 controls |
 BD | Bipolar disorder | PMID: 31043756 | European | 20,352 cases and 31,358 controls |
 MDD | Major depressive disorder | PMID: 30718901 | European | 170,756 cases and 329,443 controls |
 OCD | Obsessive–compulsive disorder | PMID: 28761083 | European | 2688 cases and 7,037 controls |
 SCZ | Schizophrenia | PMID: 25056061 | European | 35,476 cases and 46,839 controls |
 TS | Tourette syndrome | PMID: 30818990 | European | 4819 cases and 9488 controls |