Fig. 7

Regulation of IFN-γ/IRF1/GSDMD axis induced epithelia to be in “pre-pyroptotic condition. A The UMAP embedding identified 11 kinds of cells in duodenal mucosa from refractory celiac disease (RCD) patients. B The dot plot showed the average expression and expressed percentage of the marker genes. C The dot plot showed the average expression and expression percentage of pyroptosis-related genes. D The feature plot demonstrated the distribution and expression of GSDMD. E The feature plot demonstrated the distribution and expression of IRF1. F The comparison of GSDMD, IRF1 and IFNG expression level between epithelial cells from CeD patients and HC in dataset GSE106260. G The comparison of PES and the response to IFN-γ pathway, and IFNG expression level between epithelial cells from CeD patients and HCs in dataset GSE106260. H Western blotting showed GSDMD-FL, GSDMD-C and β-tublin of Caco-2 cell line stimulated by 0 ng/ml, 50 ng/ml and 100 ng/ml IFN-γ, respectively. I Western blotting showed GSDMD-FL, GSDMD-C, IL-1β and β-tublin of Caco-2 cell line treated with IFN-γ (100 ng/ml) and/or siRNA-GSDMD. J Concentration of IL-1β the supernatant of Caco-2 cell line treated with IFN-γ (100 ng/ml) and/or siRNA-GSDMD was measured by ELISA. K Cell viability in Caco-2 cell line treated with IFN-γ (100 ng/ml) and/or siRNA-GSDMD was measured by CCK-8 assay