Table 1 Baseline characteristics of included participants in NHANES 1999–2004 and 2009–2014
Variables | Total − 15390 | Without Periodontitis − 10357 | With Periodontitis − 5033 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 49.79 ± 0.22 | 43.26 ± 0.24 | 54.05 ± 0.29 |  < 0.001 |
Gender, % |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 Female | 7840 (50.94%) | 4794 (46.98%) | 3046 (59.33%) |  |
 Male | 7550 (49.06%) | 5563 (53.02%) | 1987 (40.67%) |  |
Race, % |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 Non-Hispanic White | 7493 (48.69%) | 5342 (74.39%) | 2151(66.38%) |  |
 Non-Hispanic Black | 2872 (18.66%) | 1752 (8.60%) | 1120 (12.25%) |  |
 Mexican American | 2810 (18.26%) | 1940 (7.16%) | 870 (8.85%) |  |
 Other Race | 1108 (7.20%) | 656 (4.55%) | 452 (6.82%) |  |
 Other Hispanic | 1107 (7.19%) | 667 (5.31%) | 440 (5.71%) |  |
Education level, % |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 Less than high school | 1540 (10.01%) | 848 (3.44%) | 692 (7.73%) |  |
 High school | 5624 (36.54%) | 3515 (31.03%) | 2109 (40.36%) |  |
 More than high school | 8226 (53.45%) | 5994 (65.54%) | 2232 (51.91%) |  |
Prediabetes, % |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 No | 10872 (70.64%) | 7910 (79.65%) | 2962 (62.28%) |  |
 Yes | 4518 (29.36%) | 2447 (20.35%) | 2071 (37.72%) |  |
Hypertension, % | ||||
 No | 9748 (63.34%) | 7102 (71.11%) | 2646 (56.34%) |  < 0.001 |
 Yes | 5642 (36.66%) | 3255 (28.89%) | 2387 (43.66%) |  |
Hyperlipidemia, % | ||||
 No | 4549 (29.56%) | 3203 (30.88%) | 1346 (25.83%) |  < 0.001 |
 Yes | 10841 (70.44%) | 7154 (69.12%) | 3687 (74.17%) |  |
CHD, % | ||||
 No | 15105 (98.15%) | 10235 (99.09%) | 4870 (96.73%) |  < 0.001 |
 Yes | 285 (1.85%) | 122 (0.91%) | 163 (3.27%) |  |
Alcohol use, % |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 Never | 1951 (12.68%) | 1334 (10.73%) | 617 (9.41%) |  |
 Former | 2384 (15.49%) | 1383 (11.57%) | 1001 (17.97%) |  |
 Mild | 5486 (35.65%) | 3757 (38.53%) | 1729 (36.16%) |  |
 Moderate | 2348 (15.26%) | 1737 (18.30%) | 611 (13.89%) |  |
 Severe | 3221 (20.93%) | 2146 (20.87%) | 1075 (22.57%) |  |
 MET, min/week | 7249.87 ± 227.66 | 7265.08 ± 231.98 | 7094.30 ± 463.56 | 0.71 |
Smoke status, % |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 Never | 8407 (54.63%) | 6163 (58.14%) | 2244 (43.16%) |  |
 Former | 3662 (23.79%) | 2256 (22.76%) | 1406 (28.39%) |  |
 Now | 3321 (21.58%) | 1938 (19.10%) | 1383 (28.45%) |  |
 BMI | 28.07 ± 0.07 | 27.97 ± 0.09 | 28.33 ± 0.14 | 0.03 |
 Triglyceride, mg/dL | 131.66 ± 1.74 | 131.56 ± 2.22 | 131.96 ± 3.00 | 0.92 |
 Cholesterol, mg/dL | 200.80 ± 0.51 | 199.87 ± 0.56 | 203.43 ± 0.85 |  < 0.001 |
 HDL, mg/dL | 53.32 ± 0.21 | 53.26 ± 0.24 | 53.48 ± 0.40 | 0.63 |
 LDL, mg/dL | 120.70 ± 0.55 | 119.93 ± 0.63 | 122.91 ± 0.97 | 0.01 |
 Glucose, mg/dL | 96.34 ± 0.19 | 95.476 ± 0.22 | 98.89 ± 0.30 |  < 0.001 |
 Insulin, uu/mL | 11.13 ± 0.16 | 10.97 ± 0.17 | 11.57 ± 0.25 | 0.02 |
 HbA1c | 5.34 ± 0.01 | 5.29 ± 0.01 | 5.48 ± 0.01 |  < 0.001 |
 HOMA-IR | 2.71 ± 0.04 | 2.65 ± 0.05 | 2.88 ± 0.07 | 0.001 |
 HOMA-IS | 0.61 ± 0.01 | 0.62 ± 0.01 | 0.58 ± 0.02 | 0.06 |
 CRP, mg/dL | 0.36 ± 0.01 | 0.35 ± 0.01 | 0.37 ± 0.01 | 0.22 |