Fig. 4

Mediation effects of predictive biomarkers for the associations between traditional risk factors and all-cause mortality among men and women. Mediation analyses were adjusted for age, ethnicity, and Townsend deprivation index. Traditional risk factors were entered as dichotomous variables. The reference group was non-current smoking, non-obesity (BMI < 30 kg/m²), physically active (MET-hours/week > median value), non-prevalent hypertension, and non-prevalent diabetes, respectively