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Table 2 Clinical characteristics of the training and test sets of PCa with risk stratifications

From: Development and validation of a clinic machine-learning nomogram for the prediction of risk stratifications of prostate cancer based on functional subsets of peripheral lymphocyte

Features

(Mean + SD)

Training set

Test set

Low

Intermediate

High

p-value

Low

Intermediate

High

p-value

47 (29.94%)

38 (24.20%)

72 (45.86%)

12 (30.00%)

10 (25.00%)

18 (45.00%)

Age (years)

63.23 ± 8.18

65.53 ± 7.10

68.57 ± 7.42

0.0002*

62.67 ± 7.35

65.80 ± 6.53

65.33 ± 7.81

0.3669

PSA

7.56 ± 7.24

12.67 ± 9.50

199.62 ± 312.92

0.0000*

7.07 ± 4.85

9.60 ± 4.90

213.68 ± 299.19

0.0069*

Neutrophil percentage (%)

65.96 ± 11.34

58.69 ± 10.44

60.51 ± 9.04

0.0103*

60.68 ± 9.56

52.95 ± 11.26

60.20 ± 11.14

0.9428

Neutrophils (× 109/L)

4.60 ± 2.05

3.55 ± 1.80

3.72 ± 1.55

0.0164*

4.03 ± 1.65

2.89 ± 0.90

3.93 ± 1.40

0.9830

Lymphocyte percentage (%)

23.33 ± 9.44

29.32 ± 9.25

26.65 ± 7.77

0.0841

27.87 ± 8.85

34.57 ± 7.91

26.27 ± 8.96

0.4912

Lymphocytes (× 109/L)

1.52 ± 0.65

1.64 ± 0.57

1.53 ± 0.42

0.9605

1.79 ± 0.84

1.88 ± 0.72

1.62 ± 0.50

0.4476

Hemoglobin (/L)

134.13 ± 16.14

137.16 ± 11.84

128.82 ± 15.81

0.0389*

141.75 ± 8.43

136.30 ± 5.79

132.33 ± 19.26

0.0789

ALT (U/L)

21.72 ± 13.18

19.13 ± 12.07

18.83 ± 14.52

0.2742

18.25 ± 9.33

16.10 ± 7.65

27.28 ± 20.53

0.0965

Alkaline phosphatase (U/L)

73.62 ± 29.75

67.87 ± 15.89

229.25 ± 556.22

0.0212*

78.08 ± 23.07

64.40 ± 14.37

173.61 ± 350.66

0.2527

Lactate dehydrogenase

168.89 ± 37.15

157.05 ± 34.14

200.83 ± 129.90

0.0450*

157.58 ± 19.69

158.10 ± 23.03

172.44 ± 30.99

0.1147

Serum creatinine (mmol/l)

91.04 ± 64.35

83.82 ± 12.77

87.03 ± 43.40

0.6881

78.92 ± 10.77

85.10 ± 14.89

124.22 ± 126.82

0.1470

T cells (CD3+CD19−) (%)

67.57 ± 8.16

67.44 ± 9.43

67.92 ± 10.43

0.8305

69.01 ± 9.44

69.69 ± 5.06

69.16 ± 9.06

0.9763

T cells (CD3+CD19−) (/μl)

1059.34 ± 370.24

1100.29 ± 325.67

996.01 ± 266.54

0.2295

1225.58 ± 563.22

1361.70 ± 501.53

1034.44 ± 347.35

0.2196

B cells (CD3−CD19+) (%)

12.74 ± 5.69

12.55 ± 6.07

11.54 ± 5.20

0.2335

12.74 ± 5.44

11.66 ± 7.49

14.07 ± 6.63

0.5322

B cells (CD3−CD19+) (/μl)

211.09 ± 152.39

208.21 ± 136.04

167.58 ± 79.30

0.0428

252.58 ± 208.95

265.40 ± 285.55

217.61 ± 123.77

0.6058

Th cells (CD3+CD4+) (%)

42.65 ± 7.65

42.38 ± 8.95

44.44 ± 8.96

0.2327

45.93 ± 8.34

48.17 ± 8.43

45.93 ± 7.43

0.9376

Th cells (CD3+CD4+) (/μl)

677.06 ± 276.78

686.00 ± 213.15

649.42 ± 189.27

0.4727

840.33 ± 470.67

948.60 ± 394.25

693.06 ± 245.99

0.2295

Ts cells (CD3+CD8+) (%)

22.14 ± 7.31

20.36 ± 5.49

19.94 ± 6.61

0.0845

20.41 ± 8.38

17.79 ± 6.34

19.81 ± 5.57

0.8858

Ts cells (CD3+CD8+) (/μl)

339.81 ± 132.66

336.53 ± 151.08

295.56 ± 125.80

0.0664

342.50 ± 146.68

330.10 ± 111.75

290.39 ± 121.23

0.2579

NK cells (CD3−/CD16+CD56+) (%)

18.86 ± 8.17

19.27 ± 9.26

19.76 ± 10.84

0.6167

17.12 ± 9.10

17.93 ± 8.35

16.10 ± 7.41

0.7029

NK cells (CD3−/CD16+CD56+) (/μl)

297.21 ± 165.47

317.00 ± 186.65

308.47 ± 237.42

0.7993

281.17 ± 142.86

313.80 ± 138.71

232.39 ± 123.17

0.2773

T cells + B cells + NK cells (%)

99.17 ± 0.74

99.26 ± 0.58

99.23 ± 0.61

0.6742

98.86 ± 1.71

99.28 ± 0.47

99.33 ± 0.36

0.2191

T cells + B cells + NK cells (/μl)

1567.64 ± 557.32

1625.50 ± 441.12

1472.07 ± 404.37

0.2198

1759.33 ± 757.08

1940.90 ± 713.72

1484.44 ± 453.55

0.1964

Th/Ts

2.17 ± 0.88

2.24 ± 0.79

2.55 ± 1.19

0.0362*

2.65 ± 1.15

3.09 ± 1.44

2.55 ± 0.99

0.7307

Th cells + CD28+(CD3+CD4+CD28+) (/Th)

94.44 ± 7.14

93.92 ± 7.51

94.91 ± 6.98

0.6804

92.40 ± 11.83

91.95 ± 11.49

94.65 ± 5.22

0.4833

Ts cells + CD28+(CD3+CD8+CD28+) (/Ts)

59.28 ± 20.46

56.62 ± 16.45

59.17 ± 16.55

0.9609

63.03 ± 23.60

54.84 ± 17.78

60.51 ± 10.48

0.7789

Activated T cells (CD3+HLA−DR+) (/μl)

17.16 ± 6.34

18.68 ± 6.24

17.98 ± 6.45

0.5603

17.71 ± 10.66

17.14 ± 6.55

17.14 ± 5.38

0.8456

Activated Ts cells (CD3+CD8+HLA−DR+)/Ts (%)

40.53 ± 13.36

46.01 ± 11.88

46.21 ± 13.16

0.0265*

42.12 ± 12.23

42.45 ± 12.10

40.17 ± 8.35

0.5956

Naïve Th cells (CD3+CD4+CD45RA+)/Th (%)

32.64 ± 13.23

32.58 ± 10.86

32.27 ± 15.08

0.8808

32.98 ± 16.39

43.66 ± 17.85

32.99 ± 10.12

0.8436

Memory Th cells (CD3+CD4+ CD45RO+)/Th (%)

67.36 ± 13.23

67.42 ± 10.86

67.87 ± 15.23

0.8358

67.02 ± 16.39

56.35 ± 17.85

67.01 ± 10.12

0.8435

Regulatory T cells (CD3+CD4+CD25+CD127low+) (/μl)

3.52 ± 1.15

4.17 ± 1.47

3.83 ± 1.08

0.2530

3.26 ± 1.30

4.10 ± 1.00

4.44 ± 1.41

0.0193*

Naïve regulatory T cells (CD45RA+CD3+CD4+CD25+CD127low+) (/μl)

0.69 ± 0.39

0.87 ± 0.66

0.74 ± 0.38

0.6436

0.57 ± 0.32

1.01 ± 0.62

0.82 ± 0.49

0.2496

Induced regulatory T cells (CD45RO+CD3+CD4+CD25+CD127low+) (/μl)

2.83 ± 0.90

3.30 ± 1.03

3.09 ± 0.88

0.2073

2.69 ± 1.03

3.09 ± 0.75

3.62 ± 1.22

0.0208*

IFN-γ+CD4+T cells/Th (%)

21.89 ± 7.82

22.33 ± 8.92

20.73 ± 8.17

0.4090

21.62 ± 8.81

17.81 ± 6.96

18.98 ± 5.12

0.3543

IFN-γ+CD8+T cells/Ts (%)

60.66 ± 17.63

61.97 ± 13.45

63.57 ± 14.93

0.3101

61.64 ± 14.76

61.32 ± 13.10

57.97 ± 13.79

0.4574

IFN-γ+NK cells/NK (%)

76.37 ± 14.31

73.49 ± 14.85

74.46 ± 15.25

0.5405

71.08 ± 12.17

77.28 ± 8.53

73.20 ± 16.31

0.7531

Interleukin-1β (pg/mL)

6.55 ± 4.06

5.92 ± 3.05

8.69 ± 8.10

0.0446*

6.48 ± 3.46

8.29 ± 9.12

5.82 ± 1.33

0.6391

Interleukin-2R (U/mL)

427.45 ± 189.32

444.39 ± 149.37

572.76 ± 425.87

0.0112*

381.67 ± 94.99

403.60 ± 88.02

707.17 ± 736.35

0.0750

Interleukin-6 (pg/mL)

3.79 ± 4.86

4.99 ± 13.06

9.87 ± 14.87

0.0067*

4.33 ± 5.37

2.37 ± 1.38

10.87 ± 12.37

0.0423*

Interleukin-8 (pg/mL)

18.28 ± 21.49

31.45 ± 41.75

30.67 ± 41.55

0.0912

37.36 ± 63.98

15.81 ± 12.54

48.02 ± 64.01

0.5254

Tumor necrosis factor-α (pg/mL)

16.88 ± 20.70

19.12 ± 28.35

21.59 ± 38.68

0.4259

22.05 ± 26.87

18.59 ± 26.37

27.47 ± 32.40

0.5790

  1. *p < 0.05, with significant differences for clinical characteristics of low-, intermediate- and high-risk groups
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Journal of Translational Medicine

ISSN: 1479-5876

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