Fig. 5

Overexpression of CHCHD4 improves hypoxia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. A Quantification of ATP in lung tissues from Normoxia or Hypoxia treated animals with or without AAV-CHCHD4 injection (n = 6) in vivo. B Representative EM image showing disarrayed cristae and reduced electron density of the matrix in the mitochondria in vivo. The yellow arrows showed the mitochondria with missing cristae (disarrayed cristae and a reduced electron density in the matrix). C Quantification of the percent of damaged mitochondria (n = 6) in vivo. D Quantification of mitochondria area%, which refers to the ratio of mitochondrial area to image area (n = 264–381) in vivo. E, F Representative confocal images of Mitochondrial Tracker in indicated group and quantification of the mitochondrial mean length (n = 62–115 PASMCs) in vitro. White arow indicated the mitochondrial length. G Real-time monitoring the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in PASMCs (n = 6) in vitro. Oligo: oligomycin; FCCP: trifluoromethoxy carbonyl cyanide phenylhydrazone; Rot/AA: Rotenone/AntimycinA. H Real-time monitoring the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) in PASMCs (n = 6) in vitro. Oligo: oligomycin; 2-DG: 2-deoxy-glucose. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM. P value is showed in each figure