Table 1 Summary of fabricated nanoparticles containing molybdenum employed for AD in preclinical studies

CeNP@MnMoS₄

PC12 cells

This agent curtailed oxidative stress and stimulated neurite outgrowth, while hindering β-amyloid that had been instigated by Cu²⁺

[112]

MoS₂

SH-SY5Y cells (human neuroblastoma cells)

The nanoparticle obstructed Ca²⁺ channel development and β-amyloid to minimize oxidative stress

[102]

Mo polyoxometalate complexes

PC12 cells

Both Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ were effective in instigating β-amyloid (Aβ₄₀) accumulation, which was hindered following treatment with these agents

[113]

Also, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization and oxidative stress were impaired by Mo polyoxometalate complexes

MoS₂/AuNR

SH-SY5Y cells (neuroblastoma)

This nanocomposite, beside disaggregating and hindering β-amyloid (Aβ₄₂) fibrils, also alleviated ROS triggered by β-amyloid

[114]

MoS₂

–

This agent regulated β-amyloid (Aβ_33–42) by inhibiting its agglomeration

[115]

MoS₂-CoDOTA

PC12 cells (rats)

The nanoparticle crossed the BBB to significantly hinder and degrade β-amyloid fibrillations, along with curtailing cytotoxicity instigated by β-amyloid

[116]

MoS₂ QDs

–

The agent, as an immunosensor, discerned β-amyloid levels in a precise manner

[117]

FeOOH/Mo:BiVO₄

Human tau₄₄₁

Doped Mo ions and FeOOH integrated into BiVO₄ photoelectrode augmented the photocurrent impulses of DAB to diagnose t-tau proteins

[118]