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Table 1 The characteristics of training cohort patients when first ICU admission

From: Construction and validation of prognostic models in critically Ill patients with sepsis-associated acute kidney injury: interpretable machine learning approach

Variables

Survival (n=1787)

Non-survival(n=712)

P-value

Age (year)

72 (62, 83)

75 (63, 84)

0.0565

Gender (%)

 Female

773 (43.3)

337 (47.3)

0.0675

 Male

831 (57.3)

253 (58.4)

 

Ethnicity (%)

 White

1209 (67.7)

470 (66.0)

<0.001

 Black

176 (9.8)

42 (5.9)

 

 Yellow

60 (3.4)

22 (3.1)

 

 Others

342 (19.1)

178 (25.0)

 

 Weight (kg)

78.0 (64.9, 95.9)

76.8 (63.4, 94.0)

0.13

Admission type (%)

 Elective

191 (10.7)

75 (10.5)

0.722

 Emergency

1095 (61.3)

426 (59.8)

 

 Urgent

501 (28.0)

211 (29.6)

 

First Care unit (%)

 MICU

739 (41.3)

299 (42)

0.213

 SICU

706 (39.5)

284 (39.8)

 

 CCU

80 (11.9)

64 (9.0)

 

 TSICU

161 (9.0)

49 (6.9)

 

 Others

101 (5.7)

16 (2.2)

 

 SOFA

9 (6, 12)

11.0 (8, 14)

<0.001

AKI stage (%)

 I

227 (12.7)

46 (6.5)

<0.001

 II

627 (35.1)

158 (22.2)

 

 III

933 (52.2)

508 (71.3)

 

Length of ICU stay (day)

6.54 (3.0, 12.1)

2.86 (1.8, 4.6)

<0.001

Comorbidity

 Congestive heart failure, n (%)

a720 (40.3)

242 (34.0)

0.00356

 Chronic pulmonary disease, n (%)

a229 (12.8)

83 (11.7)

0.461

 Diabetes complicated, n (%)

227 (12.7)

64 (9.0)

0.00862

 Renal disease, n (%)

574 (32.1)

182 (14.8)

0.00123

 Liver disease, n (%)

452 (25.3)

226 (31.7)

0.0012

 Solid tumor, n (%)

385 (21.5)

179 (25.1)

0.0563

 Metastatic cancer, n (%)

187 (10.5)

132 (18.5)

<0.001

 AIDS, n (%)

16 (0.9)

4 (0.6)

 

Vital signsa

 Heartrate_mean (min-1,mean SD)

90.5 ± 17.2

96.2 ± 18.1

<0.001

 Heartrate_max(min-1,mean SD)

112 ± 23.1

117 ± 23.3

<0.001

 Meanbp_mean (mmHg)

71.9 (66.9, 77.3)

69.9 (64.7, 75.3)

<0.001

 Meanbp_min (mmHg)

53 (47, 59)

50.0 (41, 59)

<0.001

 Resprate_mean (min-1)

20.4 (17.7, 23.7)

22.4 (19.4, 25.8)

<0.001

 Resprate_max(min-1)

29.0 (25, 34)

31.0 (27, 36)

<0.001

 Temperture_mean (℃)

36.8 (36.6, 37.2)

36.7 (36.4, 37.2)

0.809

 Temperture_max (℃)

37.3 (37, 38)

37.2 (36.8, 38)

0.0148

 SpO2_mean (%)

97.0 (95.6, 98.4)

96.2 (94.4, 97.8)

<0.001

 SpO2_min (%)

92.0 (89, 94)

90.0 (86, 93)

<0.001

 Urine output (mL)

1000 (556.5, 1625)

579 (223.8, 1102)

<0.001

Laboratory parametersb

 Aniongap_max (mmol/L)

18.0 (15, 21)

20.0 (17, 24)

<0.001

 Bicarbonate_min (mmol/L)

19.0 (16, 23)

17.0 (13, 20)

<0.001

 Lactate_max (mmol/L)

2.4 (1.6, 4.2)

3.7 (2.2, 7)

<0.001

 Glucose_mean (mg/dL)

135 (111.4, 170.7)

135 (104.5, 189.0)

0.804

 Creatinine_max (mg/dL)

1.70 (1.1, 2.7)

2.0 (1.3, 3.1)

<0.001

 Chloride_min (mmol/L)

101 (97, 106)

100 (96, 106)

0.0266

 Chloride_max (mmol/L)

106 (101, 111)

106 (100, 111)

0.569

 Hematocrit_min (%)

28.3 (24.2, 33)

28.5 (23.9, 33.4)

0.987

 Hemoglobin_min (g/dL)

9.20 (7.9, 10.7)

9.15 (7.7, 10.8)

0.459

 Platelet_min (109/L)

159 (98.5, 234)

138 (68, 213.25)

<0.001

 Potassium_min (mmol/L)

3.80 (3.5, 4.3)

4.0 (3.5, 4.5)

<0.001

 Potassium_max (mmol/L)

4.50 (4.1, 5.2)

4.80 (4.2, 5.5)

<0.001

 Sodium_max (mmol/L)

140 (136, 143)

140 (136, 143)

0.837

 INR_min

1.40 (1.2, 1.7)

1.50(1.2, 1.9)

<0.001

 INR_max

1.50 (1.3, 2.1)

1.80 (1.4, 2.7)

<0.001

 BUN_max (mmol/L)

29.0 (22, 56)

34.0 (28, 64)

<0.001

 WBC_max (109/L)

35.0 (10.5, 21.9)

42.0 (10.3, 23.7)

<0.001

Advanced life support

 Renal replacement therapy (%)

125 (7.0)

70 (9.8)

0.0205

 Mechanical ventilation (%)

1058 (59.2)

492 (69.1)

<0.001

Sources of infection, n (%)

 Blood

50 (2.8)

55 (7.7)

<0.001

 Urine

201 (11.2)

55 (7.7)

0.00845

 Sputum

196 (11.0)

28 (3.9)

<0.001

 MRSA screen

36 (2.0)

9 (1.3)

0.245

 Other

52 (2.9)

11 (1.5)

0.0587

  1. Categorical data were showed as frequency (percentage). Continuous variables with normal distributions were presented as the mean (SD, standard deviation) and compared with independent samples t tests. Non-normally distributed variables are expressed as the median (interquartile ranges), which were compared with Kruskal-Wallis test
  2. aVital signs data were calculated as mean/minimum/maximum value during the first 24h of ICU admission
  3. bThe laboratory parameters recorded the mean/minimum/maximum value during the first 24h since ICU admission of each included patients
  4. SD standard deviation, CCU coronary care unit, MICU medical intensive care unit, SICU surgical intensive care unit, TSICU trauma/surgical intensive care unit, SOFA sequential organ failure assessment, AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, Meanbp mean arterial pressure, SpO2 oxyhemoglobin saturation, INR international normalized ratio, BUN blood urea nitrogen, WBC white blood cell, MRSA methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
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Journal of Translational Medicine

ISSN: 1479-5876

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