Table 1 The lists of accessible databases for the study

1

ADMETlab 2.0

Cheminformatics to identify physicochemical properties or compound toxicities

https://admetmesh.scbdd.com/

2

DisGeNET

Bioinformatics of target-gene relationships on human

https://www.disgenet.org/

3

gutMGene

Microbiome database to identify metabolites of gut microbiota

http://bio-annotation.cn/gutmgene

4

NPASS

Database of natural herbal plants

http://bidd.group/NPASS/

5

Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM)

Human database to identify between targets and diseases

https://www.omim.org/

6

Pro Tox-II

Cheminformatics to predict compound toxicities

https://tox-new.charite.de/protox_II/index.php?site=home

7

Similarity Ensemble Approach (SEA)

Cheminformatics to decode targets on compounds

https://sea.bkslab.org/

8

String

Bioinformatics to identify protein–protein interaction networks

https://string-db.org/

9

SwissADME

Cheminformatics to predict the drug-like properties

http://www.swissadme.ch/

10

SwissTargetPrediction (STP)

Cheminformatics to survey targets on small compounds

http://www.swisstargetprediction.ch/

11

VENNY 2.1

Venn diagram drawing tool to compare each list of constituents

https://bioinfogp.cnb.csic.es/tools/venny/