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Table 2 Odds ratios of mildly reduced eGFR and hyperfiltration according to obesity phenotype

From: Metabolically healthy obesity is associated with higher risk of both hyperfiltration and mildly reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate: the role of serum uric acid in a cross-sectional study

 

Metabolically healthy

Metabolically unhealthy

Non-obese

(MHNO)

Obese

(MHO)

Non-obese

(MUNO)

Obese

(MUO)

For mildly reduced eGFR

 Case/number (%)

74/267 (27.7)

63/152 (41.5)

117/303 (38.6)

197/466 (42.3)

 Model 1 (adjusted for age and sex)

1.00 (Ref.)

1.77 (1.10–2.86)

1.42 (0.95–2.11)

1.80 (1.25–2.59)

 Model 2 (further adjusted for physical activity, current smoking and drinking habits)

1.00 (Ref.)

1.85 (1.14–3.00)

1.42 (0.95–2.12)

1.86 (1.29–2.68)

 Model 3 (further adjusted for ALT, AST, GGT, TC and LDL-c)

1.00 (Ref.)

1.85 (1.13–3.01)

1.51 (1.01–2.27)

2.00 (1.35–2.96)

 Model 4 (further adjusted for uric acid)

1.00 (Ref.)

1.49 (0.90–2.48)

1.36 (0.89–2.06)

1.46 (0.97–2.19)

For hyperfiltration

 Case/number (%)

15/267 (5.6)

16/152 (10.5)

7/303 (2.3)

21/466 (4.5)

 Model 1 (adjusted for age and sex)

1.00 (Ref.)

2.11 (0.97–4.61)

0.45 (0.18–1.16)

0.95 (0.47–1.92)

 Model 2 (further adjusted for physical activity, current smoking and drinking habits)

1.00 (Ref.)

2.33 (1.06–5.13)

0.45 (0.17–1.14)

0.99 (0.49–2.01)

 Model 3 (further adjusted for ALT, AST, GGT, TC and LDL-c)

1.00 (Ref.)

2.28 (1.03–5.09)

0.42 (0.16–1.10)

0.93 (0.44–1.97)

 Model 4 (further adjusted for uric acid)

1.00 (Ref.)

2.57 (1.14–5.77)

0.40 (0.15–1.06)

1.11 (0.51–2.40)

  1. eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate; TC total cholesterol; LDL-c low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; AST aspartate aminotransferase; ALT alanine aminotransferase; GGT γ-glutamyltransferase; MHNO Metabolically healthy non-obesity; MHO Metabolically healthy obesity; MUNO Metabolically unhealthy non-obesity; MUO Metabolically unhealthy obesity
  2. Model 1: adjusted for age and sex;
  3. Model 2: further adjusted for physical activity, current smokers (yes/no), current drinking (yes/no) on basis of model 1;
  4. Model 3: further adjusted for ALT, AST, GGT, TC and LDL-c on basis of model 2;
  5. Model 4: further adjusted for the level of uric acid on basis of model 3