Associations of types of grains and lifestyle with all-cause mortality among Chinese adults aged 65 years or older: a prospective cohort study

Table 4 Associations of types and intakes (per SD) of grains with all-cause mortality by lifestyle profile (N = 30275)

Exposures	Healthy lifestyle		Intermediate lifestyle		Unhealthy lifestyle
Exposures	HR (95% CI)	P	HR (95% CI)	P	HR (95% CI)	P
Types of grains^a
Wheat	1.00		1.00		1.00
Total rice	0.87(0.80,0.93)	< 0.001	0.94(0.90,1.00)	0.03	0.93(0.84,1.04)	0.20
Coarse cereals	0.86(0.74,1.00)	0.046	0.88(0.79,0.97)	0.01	1.14(0.94,1.39)	0.20
Intakes of grains^b
Wheat	1.10(1.03,1.18)	0.01	0.99(0.95,1.04)	0.63	0.94(0.88,1.01)	0.10
Total rice	1.01(0.97,1.05)	0.66	0.97(0.94,0.99)	0.01	1.04(0.99,1.09)	0.09
Coarse cereals	1.25(1.08,1.44)	0.002	1.17(1.07,1.29)	0.001	0.82(0.67,1.00)	0.047
Total grains	1.05(1.01,1.08)	0.01	0.98(0.96,1.00)	0.10	1.00(0.97,1.04)	0.81

^aAge, sex, body weight, education levels, marital status, living areas, ethnicity, intake of grains, history of hypertension, history of diabetes, history of cardiovascular disease, history of coronary heart disease, and self-reported health were adjusted
^bAge, sex, body weight, education levels, marital status, living areas, ethnicity, history of hypertension, history of diabetes, history of cardiovascular disease, history of coronary heart disease, and self-reported health were adjusted. When total grains as exposure, types of grains was additionally adjusted

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