Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients
Clinical characteristics | All (1039) | GAS6 | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
< 8.6 ng/mL (344) | 8.6–12.0 ng/mL (349) | ≥ 12.0 ng/mL (346) | |||
Age, years | 71 (64–81) | 70 (64–78) | 71 (63–81) | 74 (64–82) | 0.02 |
Sex, male, n (%) | 669 (64.4) | 210 (61.0) | 222 (63.6) | 237 (68.5) | 0.12 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 24.4 ± 3.6 | 24.7 ± 3.5 | 24.1 ± 3.6 | 24.3 ± 3.7 | 0.14 |
HR, beats/minute | 81 ± 18 | 80 ± 17 | 81 ± 18 | 83 ± 18 | 0.12 |
SBP, mm/Hg | 136 ± 23 | 137 ± 22 | 135 ± 23 | 136 ± 25 | 0.40 |
DBP, mm/Hg | 77 ± 15 | 78 ± 14 | 76 ± 15 | 77 ± 16 | 0.27 |
NYHA class | 0.001 | ||||
II | 674 (65.7) | 247 (72.9) | 226 (65.5) | 201 (58.8) | |
III | 290 (28.3) | 80 (23.6) | 99 (28.7) | 111 (32.5) | |
IV | 62 (6.0) | 12 (3.5) | 20 (5.8) | 30 (8.8) | |
Echocardiography | |||||
LVEF, % | 47 ± 13 | 49 ± 13 | 47 ± 14 | 46 ± 13 | 0.004 |
LVDD, mm | 50 ± 9 | 49 ± 8 | 51 ± 9 | 51 ± 9 | 0.04 |
LVDS, mm | 36 ± 11 | 35 ± 10 | 37 ± 11 | 37 ± 11 | 0.002 |
IVS, mm | 11 ± 4 | 10 ± 2 | 11 ± 5 | 11 ± 4 | 0.96 |
LAS, mm | 42 ± 7 | 42 ± 7 | 43 ± 8 | 43 ± 7 | 0.04 |
LVPWD, mm | 10 ± 2 | 10 ± 1 | 10 ± 1 | 10 ± 3 | 0.67 |
LVMI, mm | 115 ± 37 | 109 ± 35 | 119 ± 38 | 116 ± 37 | < 0.001 |
Medical history | |||||
Smoking, n (%) | 236 (22.7) | 78 (22.7) | 74 (21.2) | 84 (24.3) | 0.30 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 698 (67.2) | 237 (68.9) | 215 (61.6) | 246 (71.1) | 0.02 |
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 352 (33.9) | 109 (31.7) | 117 (33.5) | 126 (36.4) | 0.42 |
Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 289 (27.8) | 94 (27.3) | 101 (28.9) | 94 (27.2) | 0.85 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, n (%) | 35 (3.4) | 7 (2.0) | 10 (2.9) | 18 (5.2) | 0.06 |
Myocardial infarction, n (%) | 245 (23.6) | 73 (21.2) | 78 (22.3) | 94 (27.2) | 0.15 |
Drug usage | |||||
ACEI, n (%) | 138 (13.3) | 45 (13.1) | 44 (12.6) | 49 (14.2) | 0.83 |
ARB, n (%) | 444 (42.7) | 164 (47.7) | 142 (40.7) | 138 (39.9) | 0.08 |
β-blocker, n (%) | 766 (73.7) | 237 (68.9) | 262 (75.1) | 267 (77.2) | 0.04 |
CCB, n (%) | 280 (26.9) | 100 (29.1) | 81 (23.2) | 99 (28.6) | 0.15 |
Spironolactone, n (%) | 477 (45.9) | 130 (37.8) | 169 (48.4) | 178 (51.4) | 0.001 |
Diuretics, n (%) | 520 (50.0) | 140 (40.7) | 181 (51.9) | 199 (57.5) | < 0.001 |
Statins, n (%) | 841 (80.9) | 286 (83.1) | 282 (80.8) | 273 (78.9) | 0.37 |
Antiplatelets, n (%) | 856 (82.4) | 284 (82.6) | 289 (82.8) | 283 (81.8) | 0.94 |
Anticoagulants, n (%) | 502 (48.3) | 145 (42.2) | 181 (51.9) | 176 (50.9) | 0.02 |
Laboratory results | |||||
HB, Hg/L | 128 ± 19 | 130 ± 19 | 128 ± 18 | 127 ± 21 | 0.15 |
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 78 ± 30 | 81 ± 30 | 80 ± 29 | 72 ± 31 | < 0.001 |
BUN, mmol/L | 6.7 (5.3–8.8) | 6.1 (5.1–8.0) | 6.7 (5.2–8.9) | 7.1 (5.7–9.7) | < 0.001 |
CB, μmol/L | 3.3 (2.7–5.2) | 3.2 (2.5–4.9) | 3.3 (2.8–5.3) | 3.2 (3.0–5.5) | 0.18 |
UCB, μmol/L | 7.8 (5.2–12.1) | 7.5 (5.1–11.2) | 7.9 (5.2–12.2) | 8.3 (5.3–12.9) | 0.27 |
Cr, μmol/L | 87 (73–111) | 86 (72–105) | 84 (71–107) | 93 (75–125) | < 0.001 |
TnT, ng/mL | 0.029 (0.015–0.088) | 0.022 (0.013–0.057) | 0.029 (0.015–0.080) | 0.036 (0.018–0.158) | < 0.001 |
CRP, mg/L | 3.5 (3.0–12.2) | 3.2 (3.0–7.2) | 3.2 (3.0–9.8) | 5.4 (3.0–19.5) | < 0.001 |
NT-proBNP, pg/mL | 1460 (661–3764) | 853 (464–2290) | 1563 (822–4428) | 2171 (968–5519) | < 0.001 |