Fig. 1

ScRNA-seq profiling and abnormality of erythroid development in WM. A Schematic representation of the experimental strategy based on 9 healthy donors (HDs) and 15 newly diagnosed WM patients. BMNCs from bone marrow aspirates of 5 WM patients and 6 HDs were measured by 10× Genomics-based scRNA-Seq. Another cohort including 3 HDs and 10 WM patients was applied to validate our findings by multicolor flow cytometry analysis. B UMAP plot showing the annotation and color codes for cell types of BMNCs from WM patients and HDs. C Heatmap showing the expression of marker genes in the indicated cell types. The bottom bars label the specific cell types. D Bubble plots showing the proportion of each cell type in each sample (left). Five WM patients were divided into low-tumor-infiltration group (blue) and high-tumor-infiltration group (red) according to the proportion of WM cells. Violin plots illustrating the fraction of each cell type in HDs, low-tumor-infiltration patients, and high-tumor-infiltration patients with unpaired Wilcoxon tests (right). The proportion of immune cells was calculated after normalizing the differential proportion of WM cells. E Fitted curve showing Spearman’s correlation between the fraction of WM cell infiltration and T cells’ proportion (normalizing differential WM cells) in another 10 WM patients. F Density dot plots of flow cytometry analysis displaying the population of T cells and WM cells derived from bone marrow aspirates of 10 WM patients