From: Modification of mesenchymal stem cells for cartilage-targeted therapy
Model | MSC donor | Nanoparticles | External magnet | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|
In vivo: rabbit and pig models of osteochondral defects | hBMSCs | Ferumoxide (Felidex®) | Magnetic force (0.6 T) | [93] |
In vivo: pig model of full-thickness cartilage defect | MSCs | Magnetic hydrogels | Magnetic force (1.5 T) for 10 min | [94] |
In vivo: human articular cartilage defect | hBMSCs | Ferucarbotran (Resovist®) | 1.0-T compact magnet for10min | [95] |
In vivo: rabbit model of a massive meniscal defect | Rabbit ADSCs | Ferucarbotran | Permanent magnet | [96] |
In vivo: knee cartilage defect model | hADSCs | Microrobot (Feraheme) | N.A | [99] |
In vivo: rabbit model of osteochondral defect | Rabbit BMSCs | Ferucarbotran | External magnetic device | [100] |
In vivo: rat model of sub-chronic skeletal muscle injury | hMSCs | Ferucarbotran | Magnetic strength (1.5 T) for 10 min | [101] |
In vivo: rat model of femoral fracture | Rat BMSCs | Ferucarbotran | Magnetic strength (5.07 T) for 10 min and 60 min | [102] |
In vivo: rabbit ulnar defect | Rabbit BMSC | Ferumoxide | Magnetic strength (1.5 T) for 10 min | [103] |
Ex vivo: porcine knee osteochondral defect implanted with hMSCs | hMSCs | Ferumoxide | N. A | [104] |
Ex vivo: human cartilage | hBMSC | Ferumoxide | Magnetic force (0.4 or 0.6 T) for 6 h | [105] |
Ex vivo: human osteochondral defects | MSCs | N-dodecyl-poly-ethylenimine-coated SPION ∼50–110 nm | Magnetic force (0.57 T) | [99] |