The potential impact of a probiotic: Akkermansia muciniphila in the regulation of blood pressure—the current facts and evidence

Table 2 Current literature review about the role of A. muciniphila on human HTN

Study title	Population	Comparison	Akkermansia muciniphila abundance	References
Predicted gut microbiomes from a multi-site blood pressure study	Australian	Normotensive vs hypertensive groups	No change	Nagai et al. [180]
Gut metagenomic signature in hypertension: a cross-sectional study	Española	Normotensive vs hypertensive groups	No change	Calderon-Perez et al. [181]
The human microbiome correlates with risk factors for cardiometabolic disease across an epidemiologic transition	African-origin	Normotensive vs hypertensive groups	Decreased in normotensive groups (but not statistically significant)	Fei et al. [182]
Fasting alters the gut microbiome with sustained blood pressure and body weight reduction in metabolic syndrome patients	Germans	Fasting + DASH diet vs DASH diet	Increased in Fasting + DASH groups	Maifeld et al. [148]
Hypertension microbial diversity	Chinese	Normotensive vs hypertensive groups	No change	Human University of Chinese Medicine [183]
Washed microbiota transplantation lowers blood pressure in patients with hypertension	Chinese	Normotensive vs hypertensive groups	No change	Zhong et al. [184]

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