Gut brain axis related conditions | LBPs | Subjects | Dose | Intervention duration | Results | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Autism | Lactobacillus Acidophilus Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Bifidobacteria longum | ASD cases (n:30) %63.3 male Controls (n:30, matched gender and age) 5–9 years old Prospective, open-label, case–control study | Probiotic mixture each gram contains 100 × 106 CFU Obtainable as a powder to be diluted in water Once-daily 5 g/day | 3 months | Pre-intervention Bifidobacteria levels less in ASD feces were lower than in the control group Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus levels increased after probiotic intervention in in ASD children Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC) overall scores decreased. It demonstrates that the severity of ASD symptoms decreased Overall GI symptom severity was reduced (constipation, gas, stool consistency, and abdominal pain) | [63] |
Autism | Lactiplantibacillus Plantarum PS128 | Aged 7–15 years n: 71, (%100 male) (E: 36, C: 35) Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study | 3 × 1010 CFU with microcrystalline cellulose Placebo: Microcrystalline cellulose 1 capsule Daily | 4 weeks | Opposition/defience behaviors improved after treatment wirh Lactiplantibacillus plantarum PS128 Observing that younger children (7–12 years old) benefit more than older children (13–15 years old), the intervention appears to have an age-related effect | [61] |
Autism | Visbiome® (formerly VSL#3) Four strains of Lactobacilli Lacticaseibacillus casei, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus Three strains of Bifidobacteria Bifidobacterium infantis Bifidobacterium breve Bifidobacterium longum One strain of Streptococcus Thermophiles | Aged 3–12 years N:13, (%60 male) (Group 1:6, Group 2: 4) Group 1: 8-week probiotic + 3-week washout + 8-week placebo Group 2: 8-week placebo + 3-week washout + 8-week probiotic Randomised, cross-over pilot, placebo-controlled study | 90 × 1010 CFU/packet Dose: 1/2 packet Twice a day (weeks1–4) Option to increase to 1packet twice a day at (week 5–15) Placebo: matched but ingredients not stated | 19 weeks (8 weeks, 3-week washout, 8 weeks) | GI symptoms that were aimed at the parents improved significantly There was no change in the gut microbiome diversity or strain family-level composition Probiotics have a clear transport effect The probiotic effects lasted throughtout the entire 3- washout period | [62] |
Autism | Visbiome® (formerly VSL#3) Four strains of Lactobacilli Lacticaseibacillus casei, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Three strains of Bifidobacterium longum Bifidobacteria Bifidobacterium breve Bifidobacterium infantis One strain ofStreptococcus Thermophiles | 18–72 months (4.2 years) (%84 male) n: 63 ASD treatment (n: 31) ASD Control (n: 32) Placebo controlled, randomised trial | 450 billion CFU were present in each packet 2 packets/day in the first month of treatment and 1 packet/day in the following 5 months Placebo: 4.4 g of maltose + silicondioxide | 6 months | There is no significant difference in the Total Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule – Calibrated Severity Score (ADOS-CSS score) Plasma biomarkers (IL-6, TFN-α) and faecal calprotectin didn’t differ significantly Analysis of subgroups There was no GI group (n = 46) Total ASD severity scores ADOS and Social-Affect ADOS scores decreased GI group (n = 17) Between baseline and 6 months, the probiotic group exhibited a significant difference from the control group Reduced total GI severity, stool odor and flatulence Improved adaptive skills (Repetitive, Domestic, Coping skills) Scores from sensory profiles were normalized (improvements in 87 percent of probiotic group vs 28 percent of placebo group) | [64] |
Alzheimer Disease | Lactococcus lactis W19 Lactobacillus acidophilus W22 Lacticaseibacillus casei W56 Bifidobacterium lactis W52 Lacticaseibacillus paracasei W20 Lactiplantibacillus plantarum W62, Bifidobacterium lactis W51 Bifidobacterium bifidum W23 Ligilactobacillus salivarius W24 | Twenty (11 males, 9 females, aged 76.7 ± 9.6 years) Alzheimer’s disease patients | Omnibiotic Stress Repair (Allergosan, Graz, Austria) | 28 days | The serum levels of kynurenine significantly increase as a result of probiotic supplementation BDNF levels did not change before or after taking probiotic supplements for 4 weeks After 4 weeks of probiotic administration, the RNA content of the fecal bacteria strain Faecalibacterium prausnitzii considerably increased, whereas the contents of Clostridium cluster I and Akkermansia muciniphila remained unaltered Zonulin concentrations dropped at the two time points just before and after taking probiotic supplements for four weeks | [65] |
Alzheimer Disease | Limosilactobacillus fermentum Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Bifidobacterium lactis or Lactobacillus acidophilus Bifidobacterium longum Bifidobacterium bifidum | Forty-eight alzheimer disease individuals, with no comorbidities and aged 65–90 years Control (n: 23) Probiotic (n: 25) | Total dosage of 3 × 109 CFU (2 capsules once a day) | 12 weeks | There have been no significant changed Test Your Memory, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, nitric oxide (NO), 8-hydroxy-2' -deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels | [66] |
Alzheimer Disease | Bifidobacterium breve A1 (MCC1274) | 50–79 years 80 healty individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) Probiotic group (n: 39) Placebo group (n: 40) A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial | 2 × 1010 CFU | 16 weeks | When compared with placebo in the probiotic group; Immediate memory, visuospatial/constructional score, delayed memory and Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) were significantly improved | [67] |
Alzheimer Disease | Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG | 52–75 year old adults were enrolled Probiotic group (n: 77) Placebo group (n: 68) | Culturelle Vegetarian Capsules containing a 10 billion CFU blend two capsules daily | 90 days | In middle-aged and older persons with cognitive impairment, supplementation was associated with enhanced cognitive function | [68] |
Parkinson Disease | Lactobacillus acidophilus Bifidobacterium bifidum, Limosilactobacillus reuteri Limosilactobacillus fermentum | Aged 50–90 yaers, had a Parkinson Disease diagnosis Probiotic (n: 30) Placebo (n: 30) | Each bacteria 2 × 109 CFU/g | 12 weeks | In probiotic group; The Movement Disorders Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) was reduced Serum hs-CRP, MDA, insülin, HOMA-IR, triglyceride and very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C) levels were reduced and GSH levels were increased | [69] |
Parkinson Disease | Lactobacillus Acidophilus Limosilactobacillus reuteri Lactobacillus gasseri Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium longum, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium | Aged 40 years or older, had a Parkinson Disease diagnosis individuals Probiotic (n: 34) Placebo (n: 38) | Each probiotic capsule contained 10 billion CFU | 4 weeks | The average number of spontaneous bowel movements (SBM) per week was increased The groups didn’t differ significantly in ters of fecal calprotectin changes from baseline to the end of the treatment Changes in stool consistency, constipation severity score, and quality of life related to constipation all showed significant improvements in the intervention group | [70] |
Parkinson Disease | Lactiplantibacillus plantarum PS128 (PS128) | Aged 40–80 years had a Parkinson Disease diagnosis 8 female/17 male | Two capsules Daily (30 billion CFU per capsule) | 12 weeks | Administration of PS128 was any significant impact on rigidity, tremor, PIGD subscores, or Mhys Significantly decreased Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor scores and akinesia subscores PS128 use significantly decreased plasma myeloperoxidase levels and the urinary creatinine levels When comparing the scores of individuals with Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39), the single index score, mobility, activities of daily living, stigma and cognition significantly decreased after the 12-week supplementation | [71] |