Fig. 1

Study design. A The classification model of cholangiocarcinoma vs. PAC was trained on the TCGA training dataset. The classification performance was evaluated on the held-out TCGA validation dataset and SYSUCC dataset, and further applied to the patients with pancreatobiliary-type AAC in the SYSUCC dataset and Zhejiang dataset. B Overall survival was compared between the pancreatobiliary-type AAC patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy designed for either cholangiocarcinoma or PAC. C The mutational landscape of pancreatobiliary-type AAC was compared with those of cholangiocarcinoma and PAC. AAC, ampullary adenocarcinoma; CHOL, cholangiocarcinoma; PAC, pancreatic adenocarcinoma