Respiratory microbiome profiles differ by recent hospitalization and nursing home residence in patients on mechanical ventilation

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study participants

	Pneumonia	Non-pneumonia	p value	NHAI	Non NHAI	p value
	n = 41	n = 19	p value	n = 24	n = 36	p value
Age^a	73 (61–79)	76 (59–81)	0.744	78 (72–85)	71 (57–77)	0.004
Male^b	30 (73.2%)	12 (63.2%)	0.431	15 (62.5%)	27 (75.0%)	0.391
ARDS	8 (19.5%)	0 (0%)	0.047	4 (16.7%)	4 (11.1%)	0.702
Pneumonia				23 (95.8%)	19 (52.8%)	< 0.001
Charlson Comorbidity Index^a	3 (1–4)		0.085	3 (2.3–5.0)	1.5 (0–2.8)	< 0.001
Cause of intubation			< 0.001			< 0.001
Cardiac arrest	1 (2.4%)	3 (15.8%)		0 (0.0%)	4 (11.1%)
Neurological distress	5 (12.2%)	13 (68.4%)		1 (4.2%)	17 (47.2%)
Post-operative status	0 (0%)	1 (5.3%)		0 (0.0%)	1 (2.8%)
Respiratory	35 (85.4%)	2 (10.5%)		23 (95.8%)	14 (38.9%)
PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio	212 (133.5–299)	431 (321–458)	< 0.001	222 (131.3–301.0)	323 (184.3–442.5)	0.022
Severity
APACHE II score^a	20 (16–24)	22 (17–25)	0.202	20.5 (16.3–24.0)	21 (17–25)	0.634
SOFA score^a	7 (6–9)	6 (4–9)	0.117	7 (6–9)	7 (5–9)	0.569
GCS^a	8 (6–11)	6 (5–9)	0.074	8.5(6.0–10.8)	7.5 (6–9)	0.303
Extubation success in 3 weeks	23 (56.1%)	11 (57.9%)	0.999	14 (58.3%)	20 (55.6%)	0.999
28-day all-cause mortality	12 (29.3%)	6 (31.6%)	0.999	7 (29.2%)	11 (30.6%)	0.999
Final hospital mortality	19 (46.3%)	6 (31.7%)	0.4	11 (45.8%)	14 (38.9%)	0.606
MV duration^a	13 (8–18)	10 (7–16)	0.335	13 (8–17.5)	10 (7.0–16.8)	0.384
CRP (mg/dl)	133 (45–213.5)	21 (5–132)	0.008	124.5 (62.8–192.0)	94 (8.0–194.0)	0.127

NHAI nursing-home- and hospital-associated infections, ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, APACHE II Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, GCS Glasgow Coma Scale, MV mechanical ventilation, CRP C-reactive protein
^a Median (interquartile range)
^b Frequency (%)

ISSN: 1479-5876