Table 2 The characteristics of patients with COVID-19 in derivation cohort
From: ANDC: an early warning score to predict mortality risk for patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019
Survivors | Non-survivors | All patients | p valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 155) | (n = 21) | (n = 176) | ||
Gender | 0.004 | |||
Female, n (%) | 97 (62.6) | 6 (28.6) | 103 (58.5) | |
Male, n (%) | 58 (37.4) | 15 (71.4) | 73 (41.5) | |
Age, median (IQR), years | 43.0 (32.0–59.0) | 70.0 (65.0–76.0) | 47.0 (33.0–62.0) | < 0.001 |
Comorbidity, n (%) | 25 (16.1) | 12 (57.1) | 37 (21.0) | < 0.001 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 14 (9.0) | 7 (33.3) | 21 (11.9) | 0.005 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 16 (10.3) | 8 (38.1) | 24 (13.6) | 0.002 |
Coronary heart disease, n (%) | 3 (1.9) | 6 (28.6) | 9 (5.1) | < 0.001 |
Illness onset to admission, median (IQR), days | 7.0 (5.0–10.7) | 7.0 (5.0–8.0) | 7.0 (5.0–10.0) | 0.391 |
Illness onset to discharge or death, median (IQR), days | 21.0 (17.0–27.0) | 17.0 (14.0–20.0) | 21.0 (16.0–26.0) | <0.001 |
Complication, n (%) | 8 (5.2) | 18 (85.7) | 26 (14.7) | < 0.001 |
ARDS, n (%) | 4 (2.6) | 18 (85.7) | 22 (12.5) | < 0.001 |
Acute renal injury, n (%) | 0 | 1 (4.8) | 1 (0.6) | 0.119 |
Acute cardiac injury, n (%) | 4 (2.6) | 2 (9.5) | 6 (3.4) | 0.152 |
Septic shock, n (%) | 0 | 5 (23.8) | 5 (2.8) | < 0.001 |
White blood cells, median (IQR), ×109/L | 4.4 (3.2–5.5) | 7.2 (6.6–9.9) | 4.6 (3.4–6.1) | < 0.001 |
Hemoglobin, median (IQR), g/L | 126.0 (116.3–136.0) | 119.0 (114.0–133.0) | 125.0 (116.0–136.0) | 0.275 |
Platelet, median (IQR), ×106/L | 189.0 (140.0–232.0) | 142.0 (128.0–203.0) | 182.0 (137.5–232.0) | 0.039 |
Neutrophils, median (IQR), ×109/L | 2.78 (1.90–3.71) | 6.30 (5.07–8.47) | 2.90 (2.06–4.41) | < 0.001 |
Neutrophils%, median (IQR) | 62.0 (54.3–75.1) | 86.40 (83.10–91.00) | 63.35 (55.25–77.50) | < 0.001 |
Lymphocytes, median (IQR), ×109/L | 1.06 (0.81–1.40) | 0.66 (0.55–0.80) | 0.99 (0.73–1.39) | < 0.001 |
Lymphocytes%, median (IQR) | 27.6 (16.7–35.3) | 8.5 (5.3–12.5) | 25.4 (14.5–34.0) | < 0.001 |
NLR, median (IQR) | 2.3 (1.5–4.3) | 10.6 (6.9–17.3) | 2.6 (1.6–5.2) | < 0.001 |
Total bilirubin, median (IQR), μmol/L | 9.1 (7.4–11.8) | 16.3 (13.9–19.3) | 9.5 (7.6–12.8) | < 0.001 |
Direct bilirubin, median (IQR), μmol/L | 3.4 (2.5–4.6) | 7.1 (5.9–10.7) | 3.5 (2.6–5.2) | < 0.001 |
Alanine aminotransferase, median (IQR), U/L | 23.0 (16.0–35.0) | 30.0 (23.0–54.0) | 23.0 (17.0–39.0) | 0.015 |
Aspartate aminotransferase, median (IQR), U/L | 25.0 (20.0–36.0) | 41.00 (31.0–55.0) | 26.50 (20.0–41.0) | <0.001 |
Lactate dehydrogenase, median (IQR), U/L | 227.0 (181.0–323.8) | 451.0 (358.0–516.0) | 240.0 (185.5–350.0) | < 0.001 |
Creatine kinase, median (IQR), U/L | 57.0 (42.0–95.5) | 129.0 (66.5–177.5) | 59.50 (42.3–105.8) | 0.006 |
Blood urea nitrogen, median (IQR), mmol/L | 3.6 (2.9–4.6) | 5.4 (4.5–8.1) | 3.8 (3.0–5.0) | < 0.001 |
Creatinine, median (IQR), μmol/L | 65.8 (57.4–75.9) | 79.1 (62.5–86.7) | 66.3 (57.4–79.2) | 0.069 |
Serum potassium, median (IQR), mmol/L | 3.9 (3.6–4.2) | 3.5 (3.2–4.1) | 3.9 (3.6–4.2) | 0.033 |
Serum sodium, median (IQR), mmol/L | 139.8 (137.6–141.4) | 136.1 (133.9–139.5) | 139.5 (137.3–141.3) | 0.001 |
d-Dimer, median (IQR), mg/L | 0.39 (0.22–0.80) | 1.85 (1.52–5.95) | 0.44 (0.22–1.06) | < 0.001 |
Prothrombin time, median (IQR), s | 13. (12.7–13.5) | 14.1 (13.4–14.7) | 13.1 (12.8–13.7) | < 0.001 |
Thrombin time, median (IQR), s | 17.3 (16.5–18.5) | 17.5 (15.2–18.4) | 17.3 (16.4–18.5) | 0.519 |
APTT, median (IQR), s | 38.3 (36.4–41.7) | 38.75 (35.10–41.50) | 38.35 (36.2–41.7) | 0.877 |
INR, median (IQR), | 1.0 (1.0–1.1) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | 1.0 (1.0–1.1) | < 0.001 |
Fibrinogen, median (IQR), g/L | 4.3 (3.7–5.4) | 5.2 (3.8–6.2) | 4.4 (3.7–5.5) | 0.231 |
C-reactive protein, median (IQR), mg/L | 13.7 (3.8–38.5) | 83.2 (55.5–149.6) | 16.7 (4.7–52.9) | < 0.001 |
Procalcitonin, median (IQR), μg/L | 0.13 (0.13–0.13) | 0.15 (0.13–0.56) | 0.13 (0.13–0.13) | < 0.001 |