Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patient cohorts

Time since diagnosis (years)

NA

0.5 [0–3]

2 [1–9]

21

1 [0–1]

7

4 [1–15]

14

> 7

0.0043^a

Time since ART initiation (months)

NA

n/a

24 [1–75]

21

1 [0.5–1]

7

36 [5–156]

14

n/a

0.0030^a

CD4+ count (cells/µL)

460 [295–751]

373 [318–491]

325 [272–535]

285 [185–416]

360 [293–679]

761 [603–1047]

< 0.0001

HIV-1 RNA (copies/mL of plasma)

50 [26–10³]

10⁵ [10⁵–7.75*10⁵]

50 [18–110]

10³ [108–10³]

50 [4–50]

172 [20–1214]

< 0.0001

Total HIV DNA

 (copies/µg DNA)

20 [8–38]

33 [26–43]

21 [16–40]

22 [13–56]

21 [16–40]

8 [3–13]

< 0.0001

 (copies/10⁴ CD4+)

17 [7–35]

27 [19–36]

26 [11–48]

16 [9–55]

27[13–49]

5 [2–8]

< 0.0001

uDNA

 (copies/µg DNA)

4 [1–11]

11 [7–14]

7 [3–13]

11 [5–17]

5 [2–11]

1 [1–2]

< 0.0001

 (copies/10⁴ CD4+)

5 [1–10]

8 [5–11]

6 [2–13]

9 [5–16]

5 [1–12]

1 [1]

< 0.0001

2-LTR circles

 (copies/µg DNA)

1 [1–2]

1 [1–5]

1 [1–3]

1 [1–2]

1 [1–4]

1 [1–2]

0.7171

 (copies/10⁴ CD4+)

1 [1–2]

1 [1–5]

1 [1–3]

1 [1–2]

1 [1–5]

1 [1]

0.2174

Percentage of uDNA among total HIV DNA

26 [5–42]

37 [28–41]

30 [13–46]

45 [22–80]

22 [5–38]

0 [0–23]

0.0013

 Mean ± SEM

28 ± 3

33 ± 3

32 ± 4

49 ± 9

24 ± 4

15 ± 5

Percentage of 2-LTR circles among total HIV DNA

0 [0–18]

0 [0–17]

0 [0–18]

0 [0–16]

0 [0–18]

0 [0–18]

0.8684

 Mean ± SEM

10 ± 2

6 ± 3

11 ± 3

14 ± 8

9 ± 2

11 ± 4

Percentage of 2-LTR circles among uDNA

0 [0–82]

0 [0–45]

0 [0–76]

0 [0–43]

62 [0–92]

84 [68–92]

0.0024

 Mean ± SEM

38 ± 6

17 ± 9

36 ± 7

17 ± 8

47 ± 10

75 ± 10

Percentage of iDNA among total HIV DNA

 Using U-assay

75 [59–96]

63 [59–72]

70 [54–87]

56 [21–78]

78 [63–96]

100 [77–100]

0.0013

  Mean ± SEM

72 ± 3

67 ± 3

68 ± 4

51 ± 9

76 ± 4

85 ± 5

 Using 2-LTR assay

100 [82–100]

100 [83–10]

100 [82–100]

100 [84–100]

100 [82–100]

100 [82–100]

0.8684

  Mean ± SEM

90 ± 2

94 ± 3

89 ± 3

86 ± 8

91 ± 2

90 ± 4

p value^b

< 0.0001

0.0025

< 0.0001

0.0005

0.0004

0.0138