Fig. 1

Flow cytometry quantification of nTreg and Tr1 in IFN-β-treated patients. Modulation of nTreg (a), naïve Treg (b), TregCM (c), TregEM (d), CD120b⁺ nTreg (e), and Tr1 (f) after IFN-β treatment was investigated at T0: before therapy initiation and T6, T12, T18, and T24: after 6, 12, 18, and 24 months of IFN-β, respectively. Estimated means are shown, connected by black continuous line, along with error bars representing the 95% confidence interval. Other lines indicate statistical significance (always p < 0.05): long dash lines designate differences between consecutive time points and the pre-therapy point; dotted lines designate differences between previous time points among patients