Table 2 Macrophages polarization in the treatment of aortic aneurysm
From: Diverse roles of macrophage polarization in aortic aneurysm: destruction and repair
Agents | Experiment model | Pathway/key regulators | Treatment effect | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Everolimus | AngII-induced AA in ApoE−/− mice | Bone marrow development of Ly6C + CCR2 + (inflammatory) monocytes | Decrease aortic dilatation | Moran et al. [25] |
EDPs | CaCl2 induced AA in C57BL/6 mice | Modulating M1/M2 macrophage polarization | Promote AA | Dale et al. [28] |
D-series resolvins | Elastase-induced AA in C57/B6 mice AngII-infused ApoE−/− mice | Increasing M2 macrophage polarization | Decrease in MMPs Attenuated AA formation and progression | Pope et al. [27] |
Tregs | AngII-induced AA in ApoE−/− mice | Downregulated macrophage type 1–related genes and upregulated macrophage type 2–related genes | Declined proinflammatory cytokine expression and MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels and enhanced anti-inflammatory cytokine expression | Meng et al. [29] |
BM-MSCs | AngII-induced AA in ApoE−/− mice | BM-MSC inhibited infiltration of M1 macrophages and preserved the construction of elastin | Decrease vascular inflammation Prevent AA expansion | Yamawaki-Ogata et al. [31] |
IL-1β TNF-α | CaCl2 induced AA in C57BL/6 mice | TNF-α deletion but not IL-1β deletion, inhibited M1 macrophage polarization | Infusion of M1 polarized TNF-α−/− macrophages inhibited aortic diameter growth | Batra et al. [23] |
CD31 agonist P8RI | AngII-induced AA in ApoE−/− mice | CD31 signaling promotes the switching of proinflammatory macrophages to the reparative phenotype | Promoting the resolution of intramural hematoma and the production of collagen in dissected aortas | Andreata et al. [18] |
EPA and DHA | AngII-induced AA in ApoE−/− mice | Promote macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype | Inhibited aortic inflammation, degeneration and macrophage infiltration | Yoshihara et al. [26] |