Early goal-directed and lactate-guided therapy in adult patients with severe sepsis and septic shock: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Table 1 Patient characteristics and primary mortality outcome of the included studies

Study	Arms	Demographic characteristics				Number of patients		Mortality		Primary outcome (mortality)	Study design
Study	Arms	Population	Country	Clinical setting	Centre	EGDT	UC/LGT	EGDT (%)	UC/LGT (%)	Primary outcome (mortality)	Study design
Rivers 2001 [4]	EGDT/UC	Adult	USA	ED	S	130	133	29.2	44.5	In-hospital	RCT
Lin 2006 [31]	EGDT/UC	Adult	Taiwan	ICU	S	108	116	53.7	71.6	In-hospital	RCT
Wang 2006 [32]	EGDT/UC	Adult	China	ICU	S	16	17	25.0	41.2	14-day	RCT
Chen 2007 [29]	EGDT/UC	Adult	China	ICU	S	88	102	29.5	49.0	In-hospital	RCT
He 2007 [30]	EGDT/UC	Adult	China	ICU	S	98	105	52.0	64.8	In-hospital	RCT
Yan 2010 [27]	EGDT/UC	Adult	China	ICU	M	157	146	35.0	50.7	28-day	RCT
Andrews 2014 [28]	EGDT/UC	Adult	Zambia	ED/ICU	S	53	56	64.2	60.7	In-hospital	RCT
ARISE 2014 [7]	EGDT/UC	Adult	Australasia/New Zealand	ED	M	792	796	18.6	18.8	90-day	RCT
ProCESS 2014 [6]	EGDT/UC	Adult	USA	ED/ICU	M	439	456	21.0	18.9	60-day	RCT
ProMISe 2015 [8]	EGDT/UC	Adult	England	ED	M	623	620	29.5	29.2	90-day	RCT
Jansen 2010 [14]	EGDT/LGT	Adult	Netherlands	ICU	M	177	171	43.5	33.9	In-hospital	RCT
Jones 2010 [15]	EGDT/LGT	Adult	USA	ED	M	150	150	23.0	17.0	In-hospital	RCT
Tian 2012 [17]	EGDT/LGT	Adult	China	ICU	S	19	43	63.2	32.6	28-day	RCT
Yu 2013 [13]	EGDT/LGT	Adult	China	ICU	S	25	25	28.0	20.0	28-day	RCT
Wang 2014 [18]	EGDT/LGT	Adult	China	ICU	S	31	26	54.8	26.9	28-day	RCT
Lv 2015 [16]	EGDT/LGT	Adult	China	ICU	S	50	50	56.0	40.0	28-day	RCT

RCT, randomized controlled trial; EGDT, early goal-directed therapy; UC, usual care; LGT, lactate-guided therapy; ED, emergency department; ICU, intensive care unit; S, single-centre; M, multi-centre

ISSN: 1479-5876