Fig. 4

mRNA vaccine induced multiple genes of innate immunity at the injection site, in the dLN in mice, and in the human MIMIC®. C57BL/6 mice were treated via the ID route with the indicated amount of mRNA vaccine distributed to two injection sites on the back of the mice. a Number of differentially regulated transcripts relative to the respective buffer control. Number of up- or down-regulated genes is stated in parentheses, arrows indicate up-regulated (↑) or down-regulated (↓) genes. Administration of mRNA vaccine increased the gene expression in the skin 6 h post administration of mRNA vaccine RNA was isolated from RNAlater-preserved skin biopsies collected 6 or 24 h post ID application of the mRNA vaccine. b Increase of the gene expression of CXCR3-ligands in the skin 6 h post administration of the mRNA vaccine. The dots indicate the signal intensity of each sample, cross-bar corresponds to the mean value. The groups compared with each other are highlighted. c RNA was isolated from RNAlater-preserved skin biopsies collected 6 or 24 h post ID application of the mRNA vaccine. The Heat map represents normalized mean expression values depicted as log2-fold change relative to the respective buffer control. Transcripts were grouped by their immune function. Heat maps representing transcriptional changes in MIMIC® immune cell populations collected 24 h after treatment with mRNA vaccine were included for comparison