Table 2 Urinary OspA results compared to serology, clinical diagnosis and treatment status of N = 168 patients suspected of having early stage LB, and healthy controls

Non Lyme

Asymptomatic (EM Neg, serology ND)

Symptomatic, joint pain (EM Neg, serology Neg)

Untreated, clinical diagnosis of LB

EM Pos (serology: 12 Pos, 5 Neg, 3 Eq, 4 ND)

Antibiotic treatment for a clinical diagnosis of LB

EM rash present at the time of urine collection during the treatment course (Serology: 4 Pos, 6 Neg)

Arthritis Pos, EM Neg (serology: 6 Pos)

Converted to EM Neg (Serology: 4 Pos, 4 Neg, 8/8 urinary OspA Pos prior to therapy)