Figure 1

Changes in glomerular phenotypes in anthocyanin-treated db/db mice. Glomerular mesangial fractional area, TGF-β₁ expression, and collagen IV expression in the cortical area of db/m and db/db mice, with or without anthocyanin treatment, were evaluated. a–l Representative sections stained with periodic acid-Schiff reagent and representative immunohistochemical staining for TGF-β1 and type IV collagen (original magnification ×400). m–o Quantitative analyses of the mesangial fractional area (%) (m), TGF-β1 (fold) (n), and type IV collagen (fold) (o). **p < 0.01 vs. db/m control, db/m ATC, and db/db ATC mice. Col IV type IV collagen, PAS periodic acid-Schiff stain.