Figure 5

Mouse IL-10^-/- DCs induce Th17 cells through the IL-1/IL-1R signaling pathway. a) Reduced Th17 cells in DC-stimulated IL-1R^-/- CD4⁺ T cell cultures. IL-1R^-/- or IL-1R^+/+ CD4⁺ T cells were stimulated with wild-type DCs for 5 days. The cells were analyzed for Th17. n = 3. b, c)IL-10^-/- DCs expressed high levels of IL-1. IL-10^+/+ or IL-10^-/- DCs were cultured with or without LPS for 8 (b) or 48 hours (c). IL-1α and IL-1β message was quantified via real-time PCR (b). IL-1β protein was detected in culture supernatant via ELISA (c). *P < 0.05, average of 3 experiments. d, e) Blockade of IL-1R reduced DC-mediated Th17 induction. IL-10^-/- or IL-10^+/+ DCs were cultured in a ratio of 1:5 with IL-10^+/+ CD4⁺ T cells with or without anti-IL-1R. The cells were analyzed on day 5 for Th17. Results are expressed as the percentage of Th17 cells in CD4⁺ T cells (d). IL-17 was detected in culture supernatants on day 3 via ELISA. Results are expressed as the mean values ± SEM (e). n = 4. *, P < 0.05. Y axis showed SSC and the dot plots were gated on CD4⁺CD3⁺ T cells (a, d).