Table 1 Oncolytic viruses for canine cancer therapy
Virus | Strains/ref. | Advantages | Disadvantages |
|---|---|---|---|
Adenovirus | CAV-1 [30] CAV-2 [29] | Infection of both dividing and non dividing cells. High viral titres in tumor tissue. Induction of immune response. Efficient gene transfer. | Pre-existing immunity in canine population. Small insert capacity. |
Canine Distemper Virus | CDV [33] | Natural tumor tropism as cellular receptor for entry CD46 is expressed on tumor cells. Good safety records as included in vaccine schedule of canines. | Only lymphoma therapy data |
Vaccinia Virus strains | GLV-1h68 | Broad host range. Attenuated by three insertion cassettes. Large recombinant gene capacity. Efficient gene transfer and expression. No chance for integration of viral genome in to host. | Induction of virus-mediated immune response |
| Â | LIVP | Attenuated by natural mutation in thymidine kinase (tk) gene. Safety of virus is well known. Broad host range. Replication in host cytoplasm only, no chance for integration of viral genome in to host. Insertion of largest DNA fragment (about 25 kBps) for gene therapy. | Only tested for canine soft tissue sarcoma. |
Canary Pox virus | ALVAC [47] | Producing an immune response without any adjuvant. Approved by the USDA as a vaccine against canine distemper virus (RECOMBITEK canine distemper) | Protection against canine distemper virus only |