Table 1 Baseline clinical features of patients at ICU admission
Participant characteristics | Control N = 9 | Sepsis N = 11 | Septic Shock N = 69 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) median (IQR) | 68 (30) | 53 (26) | 67 (16) | n.s |
Male sex n (%) | 4 (40) | 8 (60) | 41 (67) | n.s |
APACHE II score median (IQR) | 11 (17) | 17 (8) | 22 (10) | < 0.001b |
SOFA score first day median (IQR) | 3 (4) | 4 (5) | 10 (5) | < 0.001b |
Charlson Index > 3 n (%) | 0 | 3 (25) | 27 (39) | n.s |
Antibiotic 2 weeks prior to admission n (%) | 0 | 1 (8) | 8 (12) | n.s |
Hospital admission in the previous 3 months n (%) | 0 | 0 | 17 (25) | 0.048c |
Infection source | ||||
Abdominal n (%) | – | 1 (9) | 23 (33) | n.s |
Respiratory n (%) | – | 7 (64) | 21 (30) | n.s |
CNS n (%) | – | 1 (9) | 2 (3) | n.s |
Urinary n (%) | – | 2 (18) | 17 (25) | n.s |
Catheter n (%) | – | – | 1 (1) | |
SSTI n (%) | – | – | 3 (4) | |
Unknown n (%) | – | – | 2 (3) | |
Bacteriemia n (%) | 0 | 2 (18) | 32 (46) | n.s |
Microorganisms | ||||
MDRa n (%) | – | – | 7 (10) | |
Non-MDRb n (%) | – | 7 (64) | 52 (75) | n.s |
Unknown n (%) | – | 4 (36) | 9 (13) | n.s |
Candida spp. n (%) | – | – | 1 (2) | |
Organ support and other therapies | ||||
Antimicrobials within first hour n (%) | – | 5 (45) | 30 (45) | n.s |
Corticosteroid therapy n (%) | 1 (11) | 2 (18) | 29 (42) | n.s |
Crystalloids (mL) within first 3 h | – | 1500 (1625) | 2000 (1000) | n.s |
Vasopressor therapy n (%) | 0 | 2 (18) | – | < 0.001 |
RRT n (%) | 0 | 0 | 15 (22) | n.s |
IMV n (%) | 3 (33) | 4 (36) | 28 (41) | n.s |
Analytical data | ||||
White blood cell count median (IQR) | 13,020 (1030) | 18,000 (18,100) | 12,140 (15,460) | n.s |
CRP (mg/L) median (IQR) | 15 (20) | 285 (128) | 234 (191) | < 0.001a |
Procalcitonin (ng/mL) median (IQR) | 0.05 (0.08) | 2.90 (15.62) | 31.80 (93.13) | < 0.001b |
Lactate levels at first hour (mmol/l) median (IQR) | 1.50 (0.55) | 2.00 (0.90) | 3.85 (4.55) | < 0.001b |
Glucose (mg/dL) median (IQR) | 125 (46) | 157 (78) | 135 (105) | n.s |
Platelet count median (IQR) | 236,000 (91,000) | 208,000 (158,000) | 147,000 (148,250) | 0.002b |
Quick index median (IQR) | 91 (24) | 73 (17) | 61 (31) | < 0.001b |
D-Dimer (ng/ml FEU) median (IQR) | 581 (199) | 1121 (1170) | 3145 (5684) | 0.008b |
PT (seconds) median (IQR) | 26 (8) | 35 (15) | 40 (18) | 0.001b |
Outcomes | ||||
ICU LOS (days) median (IQR) | 4 (6) | 5 (7) | 6 (11) | n.s |
Hospital LOS (days) median (IQR) | 21 (15) | 10 (10) | 16 (25) | n.s |
ICU mortality n (%) | 2 (22) | 2 (18) | 13 (19) | n.s |