Table 1 General characteristics of preclinical studies investigating the efficacy of extracellular vesicles in sepsis models
Author | Species | Gender | No. of controls | No. of treated animals | Sepsis model | EVs source,Compatibility | Dose | Route of administration | Time of delivery post-sepsis induction | Fluid treatment after modeling | Time to observe results after EVs administration | Control |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chia-Lo et al. (2018) | Rat SD | Male | 19 | 18 | CLP | ADSCs, Allogeneic | 100 µg | IV | 3 h | NR | 5 day | NR |
Deng et al. (2020) | Mouse C57BL/6 | Male | 12 | 12 | LPS | BMSCs, Allogeneic | 100 μg | IT | 1 h | NR | 7 day | PBS |
Miksa et al. (2006) | Rat SD | Male | 16 | 16 | CLP | DCs, Allogeneic | 1,000 μg | IV | 0 or 5 h | NS | 10 day | PBS |
Huimin et al. (2022) | Mouse C57BL/6 | Male | 12 | 12 | LPS | ADMSCs, Xenogenic | 100 μg | IT | 1 h | NR | 7 day | PBS |
Xiaoyan et al. (2022) | Mouse C57BL/6 | Male | 15 | 15 | CLP | ADMSCs, Allogeneic | 2 μg/kg | IV | 4 h | Imipenem | 7 days | PBS |
Yueet al. (2018) | Mouse CD-1 outbred | Either sex | 15 | 23 | CLP | EPCs, Xenogenic | 2Â mg/kg | IV | 4Â h | Imipenem | 7Â days | PBS |
Dongxuan et al. (2022) | Mouse C57BL/6 | Male | 7 | 6 | CLP | AECs, Xenogenic | 1 × 108 | IV | 0 h | NR | 7 days | PBS |
Danyang et al. (2021) | Rat SD | Either sex | 16 | 16 | CLP | MSC, Allogeneic | 2 × 107 | IV | UR | PBS | 2 days | PBS |
Jia et al. (2021) | Mouse C57BL/6 | Male | 10 | 10 | CLP | BMMSCs, Allogeneic | 1.5 × 109 | NR | 4 h | NR | 7 days | PBS |
Qin et al. (2021) | Mouse C57BL/6 | Either sex | 10 | 10 | CLP | MSCs, Xenogenic | 2 μg/g | NR | 0 h or 6 h | NR | 10 days | NR |
Yuhan et al. (2022) | Mouse C57BL/6 J | Either sex | 6 | 6 | CLP | RBC, Xenogenic | 10 μg | IV | 2 h | NR | 2 days | PBS |
Xiaohong et al. (2015) | Mouse C57BL/6 | Male | 8 | 8 | CLP | BMMSCs, Allogeneic | 2 μg/g | IV | 1 h | NS | 3 days | PBS |
Jie et al. (2021) | .Mouse C57BL/6 | Male | 10 | 10 | CLP | MSCs, Xenogenic | 30 UL | IV | 6Â h | NS | 7Â days | PBS |
Rongxue et al. (2020) | Mouse C57BL/6 | Male | 12 | 12 | CLP | MSC, Xenogenic | 120 ug | IV | 3Â h | NS | 3Â days | PBS |
Yuan et al. (2021) | Mouse C57 | Male | 15 | 15 | LPS | BMSC, Allogeneic | 100 μg | IV | 1 h | NR | 2 days | PBS |
Fang et al. (2020) | Mouse C57/BL6 | Either sex | 6 | 6 | CLP | AMSCs, Xenogenic | 100 μg | IV | 4 h | NR | 2 days | PBS |
Mahshid et al. (2021) | Mouse C57/BL6 | Either sex | 8 | 8 | E. coli | ucMSCs, Xenogenic | 1.5 μg/g | IV | 5 h | NR | 7 days | PBS |