Fig. 6

ILA reduced excessive inflammation and oxidative stress in enterocytes both in vivo and in vitro. A-B Relative GSH level (A) and MDA level (B) in the serum (n = 4/group). C Representative images and quantification of the protein level of Nrf2 in intestinal tissue (3 representative cases in each group). D Relative LDH level in the serum (n = 4/group). E Relative gene expression of TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6 in intestinal tissue (n = 4/group). F-H Representative images and quantification of HE staining (F), immunohistochemical staining of Occludin (G) and ZO-1 (H) protein expression in the intestine tissues (n = 3–4/group). I Representative images and quantification of TUNEL⁺ cells in intestinal organoids frozen sections. J-L Relative LDH level (J), GSH level (K) and MDA level (L) in the culture supernatants of organoids (n = 4/group). Results are presented as mean ± SEM. The statistical tests employed included: two-tailed student’s t-test in A–C, two-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey test for multiple comparisons in D–L. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001