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Table 2 Association of MetS components, their number, andMetS definition with periodontal health status across strata by sex and smoking habits

From: Association between metabolic syndrome components and gingival bleeding is women-specific: a nested cross-sectional study

Smoke

Sex

Periodontal status

Variables

n

OR (95% C.I.)

p value

Smokers

Male

Periodontitis (ref. No periodontitis)

 ≥ 1MetS factor

694

1.06 (0.78–1.45)

0.717

MetS diagnosis

694

1.05 (0.7–1.58)

0.815

Increased WC

694

1.09 (0.74–1.6)

0.658

High TG

694

0.91 (0.64–1.29)

0.607

Low HDL

694

0.86 (0.59–1.24)

0.423

High BP

694

1.62 (1.11–2.37)

0.012

High glucose

694

1.13 (0.77–1.66)

0.545

No. of MetS factors

694

1.04 (0.93–1.16)

0.53

Bleeding gums

(ref. No bleeding gums)

 ≥ 1MetS factor

694

1.2 (0.87–1.65)

0.271

MetS diagnosis

694

1 (0.65–1.52)

0.987

Increased WC

694

0.95 (0.64–1.41)

0.803

High TG

694

1.14 (0.8–1.63)

0.454

Low HDL

694

0.89 (0.61–1.3)

0.562

High BP

694

1.44 (0.98–2.11)

0.067

High glucose

694

1.06 (0.71–1.57)

0.778

No. of MetS factors

694

1.04 (0.92–1.16)

0.54

Female

Periodontitis

(ref. No periodontitis)

 ≥ 1MetS factor

463

1.7 (1.03–2.83)

0.039

MetS diagnosis

463

1.87 (1.03–3.41)

0.041

Increased WC

463

1.6 (0.97–2.64)

0.068

High TG

463

1.57 (0.85–2.93)

0.151

Low HDL

463

1.31 (0.77–2.21)

0.316

High BP

463

1.39 (0.73–2.65)

0.319

High glucose

463

2.36 (1.24–4.48)

0.009

No. of MetS factors

463

1.21 (1.03–1.44)

0.024

Bleeding gums

(ref. No bleeding gums)

 ≥ 1MetS factor

463

3.04 (1.87–4.93)

 < 0.001

MetS diagnosis

463

2.25 (1.3–3.88)

0.004

Increased WC

463

2.88 (1.82–4.55)

 < 0.001

High TG

463

1.67 (0.95–2.94)

0.076

Low HDL

463

2.84 (1.79–4.52)

 < 0.001

High BP

463

2.16 (1.23–3.79)

0.007

High glucose

463

1.97 (1.07–3.63)

0.03

No. of MetS factors

463

1.45 (1.24–1.69)

 < 0.001

Non-smokers

Male

Periodontitis

(ref. No periodontitis)

 ≥ 1MetS factor

416

0.82 (0.49–1.35)

0.434

MetS diagnosis

416

1.09 (0.56–2.12)

0.793

Increased WC

416

0.89 (0.47–1.68)

0.712

High TG

416

1.04 (0.56–1.95)

0.901

Low HDL

416

1.1 (0.61–1.97)

0.759

High BP

416

1.03 (0.56–1.89)

0.928

High glucose

416

1.02 (0.55–1.91)

0.948

No. of MetS factors

416

1.01 (0.84–1.2)

0.947

Bleeding gums

(ref. No bleeding gums)

 ≥ 1MetS factor

416

1.05 (0.7–1.57)

0.801

MetS diagnosis

416

1.46 (0.86–2.48)

0.166

Increased WC

416

1.09 (0.66–1.79)

0.745

High TG

416

1.51 (0.92–2.49)

0.101

Low HDL

416

1.32 (0.82–2.12)

0.25

High BP

416

1.08 (0.66–1.76)

0.762

High glucose

416

1.14 (0.69–1.88)

0.608

No. of MetS factors

416

1.09 (0.94–1.25)

0.254

Female

Periodontitis

(ref. No periodontitis)

 ≥ 1MetS factor

685

1.58 (0.99–2.53)

0.056

MetS diagnosis

685

1.86 (1.07–3.24)

0.027

Increased WC

685

2 (1.26–3.18)

0.003

High TG

685

1.68 (0.91–3.09)

0.098

Low HDL

685

0.84 (0.48–1.47)

0.543

High BP

685

1.63 (0.93–2.85)

0.085

High glucose

685

2.02 (1.16–3.52)

0.013

No. of MetS factors

685

1.22 (1.04–1.43)

0.015

Bleeding gums

(ref. No bleeding gums)

 ≥ 1MetS factor

685

1.96 (1.4–2.76)

 < 0.001

MetS diagnosis

685

1.63 (1.06–2.51)

0.026

Increased WC

685

2.07 (1.47–2.91)

 < 0.001

High TG

685

1.64 (1.02–2.63)

0.041

Low HDL

685

1.56 (1.07–2.27)

0.019

High BP

685

1.39 (0.9–2.14)

0.137

High glucose

685

1.72 (1.11–2.67)

0.015

No. of MetS factors

685

1.27 (1.12–1.43)

 < 0.001