Fig. 2

Kaempferol inhibited tumor growth and promoted apoptosis in a human endometrial cancer xenograft mouse model. A Kaempferol suppressed the growth of human endometrial cancer cells (AN3 CA and HEC-1-A) in BALB/c nude mice with xenograft tumors in vivo. B Macroscopic appearance of tumors after treatment (n = 10 per group). C After treatment, tumors were excised, weighed, and sectioned at a thickness of 8 μm for hematoxylin and eosin staining. D Representative merged images of TUNEL immunofluorescent staining in paraffin sections of tumor tissue of AN3 CA and HEC-1-A xenograft mice treated with vehicle (poloxamer 188; negative control), kaempferol, or DDP. More TUNEL-positive EC cells (AN3 CA and HEC-1-A cells) in tumors from kaempferol-treated mice than in those from negative control mice. Blue represented EC cells, and green represented apoptotic cells. Scale bar = 50 μm. E The histograms showed that the percentage of apoptosis cells with the treatment of kaempferol. F–G With the treatments of kaempferol, cleaved CASP3 and CASP9 increased gradually. H No adverse effects or significant changes in organ coefficients was observed in kaempferol-treated and vehicle-treated animals. However, the organ coefficients were significantly changed in several organs in DDP-treated animals compared to those of vehicle-treated animals. Results are presented as means and SDs. Compared with the negative control, ^{*, #}P < 0.05, ^{**, ##}P < 0.01, ^***,###P < 0.001